From: Kevin Lamonte Date: Wed, 4 Sep 2019 18:18:36 +0000 (-0500) Subject: initial images doc proposal X-Git-Url: http://git.nikiroo.be/?p=nikiroo-utils.git;a=commitdiff_plain;h=5a16a542f2d40f4e4407577b1048a9bebd82bacb initial images doc proposal --- diff --git a/docs/images.md b/docs/images.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e92d509 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/images.md @@ -0,0 +1,267 @@ +Next-Gen Multimedia Standard - Proposed Design Document +======================================================= + + +Purpose +------- + +TODO: Crib text from the first message of +https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/terminal-wg/specifications/issues/12 as +to why people want images in their terminals. + +The same mechanism that can put raster-based images on the screen is +easily generalizable to other media types such as vector-based images, +animations, and embedded GUI widgets. This document is thus a +"multimedia" proposal, not just "simple images". + + +Acknowledgements +---------------- + +This proposal has been informed from the following prior work: + +* DEC VT300 series sixel graphics standard: + https://vt100.net/docs/vt3xx-gp/chapter14.html + +* iTerm2 image protocol: + https://iterm2.com/documentation-images.html + +* Kitty image protocol: + + +* Jexer Terminal User Interface: + https://gitlab.com/klamonte/jexer + + +Design Goals - Core +------------------- + +The core ("must-have") design goals are: + +* Be easy to implement in existing terminals and applications: + + - Sacrifice "10%" of potential function to eliminate "90%" of + implementation pain. "Less is more." + + - Be a strict superset of the existing iTerm2 and DEC sixel image + solutions. One should be able to take an existing terminal or + application that emits/consumes iTerm2 or sixel sequences, and + only change the control sequence introducer/termination to achieve + the same effect as a terminal/application that conforms with this + standard. + +* Have no ambiguity. If two terminal or application developers can + read this document and reach different conclusions on what should be + on the screen, then an error exists in this document that must be + fixed. + + - Every feature should be straightforward to validate via automated + unit testing. + + - Every conformant terminal should produce the same output (pixels + on screen) given the same input (terminal font, terminal + sequences). + + - Every option must have a defined default value. + + - Erroneous sequences must have defined expected results. + + - Every operation must act atomically: either everything worked + (image is on screen, cursor has moved, etc.) or nothing did. + +* Be straightforward to implement in non-"physical" terminals, + including: + + - Future versions of terminal control libraries such as ncurses and + termbox. + + - Terminal multiplexers that support "headless" terminals (no + physical screen) and "multi-head" terminals (many different + physical screens). + +* Be platform-agnostic, and easy to implement on (at the least): + POSIX, Windows, and web. + + - All features must be available even if the only means of + communication between the application and terminal is control + sequences (e.g. no shared disk, no shared memory, no shared DOM, + etc.). + +* Support graceful fallback: + + - Terminal emulators and physical terminals that do not support this + standard should remain usable with no undefined screen artifacts, + even when the application blindly emits these sequences to those + terminals. + + - This standard must able to be versioned for future enhancements. + + - An application must be able to detect that its terminal supports + this standard, and at what version. + +* Support secure programming practices: + + - Applications must not be able to obtain unauthorized data from + terminal memory, such as: images emitted by other applications + still present in the terminal's scrollback buffer, terminal or + system memory limits. + + - Applications must not be able to compromise the terminal through + denial-of-service such as: excessive memory usage, unterminated + control sequences. Similarly, terminals must not be able to + compromise application through their responses to application + queries. + + - Applications must not be able to manipulate the terminal into + performing an insecure operation such as: reading arbitrary shared + memory regions, reading arbitrary files on disk, deleting + arbitrary files on disk, etc. Similarly, terminals must not be + able to manipulate applications into performing insecure + operations. + + - This standard must be implementable when the terminal has a fixed + maximum memory, such as a kernel-level device driver. + + + +Design Goals - Secondary +------------------------ + +The secondary ("nice-to-have") design goals are: + +* Minimal redundant network traffic for on-screen data that is + repeated: either on screen in multiple places, or in the same place + but refreshed multiple times. + +* Asynchronous notification from terminal to application that the + screen has been changed by outside or user action. Examples: font + change, session detach/attach, user changed image preferences. + + +Out Of Scope +------------ + +The following items are out of scope for this standard: + +* Bidirectional output. Applications are expected to generate Tiles + and place them on screen where they need. The cursor response to + image sequences are defined as left-to-right, consistent with + ECMA-48 / ANSI X3.64 sequences. An independent BIDI standard is + free to apply whatever solution will work for ECMA-48 sequences to + the sequences described in this document. + +* Capabilities. This standard defines a limited number of terminal + reports. These are not intended to be used as a general-purpose + capabilities model. + + + +Definitions +----------- + +Terminal - The hardware, or a program that simulates hardware, + comprising a keyboard, screen, and mouse. + +Application - A program that utilizes the terminal for its + input/output with the user. + +Multiplexer - A special case of an application that simulates one or + more "inner" terminals for other applications to use, + and composes these inner terminals into a combined + screen to emit to one or more "outer" terminals that + obtain input/output from the user. Multiplexers are + thus both applications and terminals. + +X - The column coordinate of a cell. This standard is 0-based: the + left-most column of the screen is numbered 0. + +Y - The row coordinate of a cell. This standard is 0-based: the + top-most row of the screen is numbered 0. + +Z - The layer that text or multimedia is placed on. This proposal + uses a right-hand coordinate system with (X, Y, Z) = (0, 0, 0) + defined as the top-left corner on the default layer: positive Z + projects "away" from the user and "into" or "behind" the screen. + Rendering the Cells on the screen must produce the same result as + painter's algorithm (see Rendering section below). + +Cell - A fixed-width-and-height rectangle on the screen. The cells of + the screen are arranged in a grid of X columns and Y rows. A + Cell has dimensions of cellWidth and cellHeight, which can be + measured in either pixels or points. Every Cell has a + coordinate of (X, Y, Z). + +Tile - One or more contiguous Cells with data to be displayed. The + data can be text or image data, but not both. A Tile has width + of 1, 2, or more, and a coordinate of (X, Y, Z) that is the + same as its left-most (first) Cell's (X, Y, Z). In practice, + Tiles are typically one Cell wide for ASCII and Latin language + glyphs, and two Cells wide for "fullwidth" glyphs as used in + Asian langauges, emojis, and symbols. This standard does not + preclude Tiles from encompassing entire grapheme clusters. + +Layer - A screen-sized grid of Cells that have the same Z coordinate. + Layers are drawn to the screen in descending Z order. Layers + may have optional additional attributes such as transparency. + + +Rendering +--------- + +A terminal will display its Cells such that the screen will look as if +it was rendered in the following pseudo-code manner: + +``` +for each layer Z, in descending order from maxZ to minZ: + for each row Y, in ascending order from minY to maxY: + for each column X, in ascending order from minX to maxX: + draw tile at (X, Y, Z) + advance X by tile width + next column + advance Y by 1 + next row + decrease Z by 1 +next layer +``` + +A terminal is free to optimize its rendering as it sees fit, so long +as the final screen output looks equivalent to the above method. + + + +Terminal State +-------------- + + + +Terminal Reports +---------------- + + + +Error Handling +-------------- + + + +Cursor Position +--------------- + + + + +Wire Formats +------------ + + + + +Optimizations +------------- + + + +Examples +-------- + +