bits/StringUtils.java

   1 /*
   2  * Jexer - Java Text User Interface
   3  *
   4  * The MIT License (MIT)
   5  *
   6  * Copyright (C) 2019 Kevin Lamonte
   7  *
   8  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
   9  * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
  10  * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
  11  * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
  12  * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
  13  * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  14  *
  15  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  16  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  17  *
  18  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  19  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  20  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  21  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  22  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
  23  * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
  24  * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  25  *
  26  * @author Kevin Lamonte [kevin.lamonte@gmail.com]
  27  * @version 1
  28  */
  29 package jexer.bits;
  30
  31 import java.util.List;
  32 import java.util.ArrayList;
  33
  34 /**
  35  * StringUtils contains methods to:
  36  *
  37  *    - Convert one or more long lines of strings into justified text
  38  *      paragraphs.
  39  *
  40  *    - Unescape C0 control codes.
  41  *
  42  *    - Read/write a line of RFC4180 comma-separated values strings to/from a
  43  *      list of strings.
  44  */
  45 public class StringUtils {
  46
  47     /**
  48      * Left-justify a string into a list of lines.
  49      *
  50      * @param str the string
  51      * @param n the maximum number of characters in a line
  52      * @return the list of lines
  53      */
  54     public static List<String> left(final String str, final int n) {
  55         List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
  56
  57         /*
  58          * General procedure:
  59          *
  60          *   1. Split on '\n' into paragraphs.
  61          *
  62          *   2. Scan each line, noting the position of the last
  63          *      beginning-of-a-word.
  64          *
  65          *   3. Chop at the last #2 if the next beginning-of-a-word exceeds
  66          *      n.
  67          *
  68          *   4. Return the lines.
  69          */
  70
  71         String [] rawLines = str.split("\n");
  72         for (int i = 0; i < rawLines.length; i++) {
  73             StringBuilder line = new StringBuilder();
  74             StringBuilder word = new StringBuilder();
  75             boolean inWord = false;
  76             for (int j = 0; j < rawLines[i].length(); j++) {
  77                 char ch = rawLines[i].charAt(j);
  78                 if ((ch == ' ') || (ch == '\t')) {
  79                     if (inWord == true) {
  80                         // We have just transitioned from a word to
  81                         // whitespace.  See if we have enough space to add
  82                         // the word to the line.
  83                         if (width(word.toString()) + width(line.toString()) > n) {
  84                             // This word will exceed the line length.  Wrap
  85                             // at it instead.
  86                             result.add(line.toString());
  87                             line = new StringBuilder();
  88                         }
  89                         if ((word.toString().startsWith(" "))
  90                             && (width(line.toString()) == 0)
  91                         ) {
  92                             line.append(word.substring(1));
  93                         } else {
  94                             line.append(word);
  95                         }
  96                         word = new StringBuilder();
  97                         word.append(ch);
  98                         inWord = false;
  99                     } else {
 100                         // We are in the whitespace before another word.  Do
 101                         // nothing.
 102                     }
 103                 } else {
 104                     if (inWord == true) {
 105                         // We are appending to a word.
 106                         word.append(ch);
 107                     } else {
 108                         // We have transitioned from whitespace to a word.
 109                         word.append(ch);
 110                         inWord = true;
 111                     }
 112                 }
 113             } // for (int j = 0; j < rawLines[i].length(); j++)
 114
 115             if (width(word.toString()) + width(line.toString()) > n) {
 116                 // This word will exceed the line length.  Wrap at it
 117                 // instead.
 118                 result.add(line.toString());
 119                 line = new StringBuilder();
 120             }
 121             if ((word.toString().startsWith(" "))
 122                 && (width(line.toString()) == 0)
 123             ) {
 124                 line.append(word.substring(1));
 125             } else {
 126                 line.append(word);
 127             }
 128             result.add(line.toString());
 129         } // for (int i = 0; i < rawLines.length; i++) {
 130
 131         return result;
 132     }
 133
 134     /**
 135      * Right-justify a string into a list of lines.
 136      *
 137      * @param str the string
 138      * @param n the maximum number of characters in a line
 139      * @return the list of lines
 140      */
 141     public static List<String> right(final String str, final int n) {
 142         List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
 143
 144         /*
 145          * Same as left(), but preceed each line with spaces to make it n
 146          * chars long.
 147          */
 148         List<String> lines = left(str, n);
 149         for (String line: lines) {
 150             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 151             for (int i = 0; i < n - width(line); i++) {
 152                 sb.append(' ');
 153             }
 154             sb.append(line);
 155             result.add(sb.toString());
 156         }
 157
 158         return result;
 159     }
 160
 161     /**
 162      * Center a string into a list of lines.
 163      *
 164      * @param str the string
 165      * @param n the maximum number of characters in a line
 166      * @return the list of lines
 167      */
 168     public static List<String> center(final String str, final int n) {
 169         List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
 170
 171         /*
 172          * Same as left(), but preceed/succeed each line with spaces to make
 173          * it n chars long.
 174          */
 175         List<String> lines = left(str, n);
 176         for (String line: lines) {
 177             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 178             int l = (n - width(line)) / 2;
 179             int r = n - width(line) - l;
 180             for (int i = 0; i < l; i++) {
 181                 sb.append(' ');
 182             }
 183             sb.append(line);
 184             for (int i = 0; i < r; i++) {
 185                 sb.append(' ');
 186             }
 187             result.add(sb.toString());
 188         }
 189
 190         return result;
 191     }
 192
 193     /**
 194      * Fully-justify a string into a list of lines.
 195      *
 196      * @param str the string
 197      * @param n the maximum number of characters in a line
 198      * @return the list of lines
 199      */
 200     public static List<String> full(final String str, final int n) {
 201         List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
 202
 203         /*
 204          * Same as left(), but insert spaces between words to make each line
 205          * n chars long.  The "algorithm" here is pretty dumb: it performs a
 206          * split on space and then re-inserts multiples of n between words.
 207          */
 208         List<String> lines = left(str, n);
 209         for (int lineI = 0; lineI < lines.size() - 1; lineI++) {
 210             String line = lines.get(lineI);
 211             String [] words = line.split(" ");
 212             if (words.length > 1) {
 213                 int charCount = 0;
 214                 for (int i = 0; i < words.length; i++) {
 215                     charCount += words[i].length();
 216                 }
 217                 int spaceCount = n - charCount;
 218                 int q = spaceCount / (words.length - 1);
 219                 int r = spaceCount % (words.length - 1);
 220                 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 221                 for (int i = 0; i < words.length - 1; i++) {
 222                     sb.append(words[i]);
 223                     for (int j = 0; j < q; j++) {
 224                         sb.append(' ');
 225                     }
 226                     if (r > 0) {
 227                         sb.append(' ');
 228                         r--;
 229                     }
 230                 }
 231                 for (int j = 0; j < r; j++) {
 232                     sb.append(' ');
 233                 }
 234                 sb.append(words[words.length - 1]);
 235                 result.add(sb.toString());
 236             } else {
 237                 result.add(line);
 238             }
 239         }
 240         if (lines.size() > 0) {
 241             result.add(lines.get(lines.size() - 1));
 242         }
 243
 244         return result;
 245     }
 246
 247     /**
 248      * Convert raw strings into escaped strings that be splatted on the
 249      * screen.
 250      *
 251      * @param str the string
 252      * @return a string that can be passed into Screen.putStringXY()
 253      */
 254     public static String unescape(final String str) {
 255         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 256         for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
 257             char ch = str.charAt(i);
 258             if ((ch < 0x20) || (ch == 0x7F)) {
 259                 switch (ch) {
 260                 case '\b':
 261                     sb.append("\\b");
 262                     continue;
 263                 case '\f':
 264                     sb.append("\\f");
 265                     continue;
 266                 case '\n':
 267                     sb.append("\\n");
 268                     continue;
 269                 case '\r':
 270                     sb.append("\\r");
 271                     continue;
 272                 case '\t':
 273                     sb.append("\\t");
 274                     continue;
 275                 case 0x7f:
 276                     sb.append("^?");
 277                     continue;
 278                 default:
 279                     sb.append(' ');
 280                     continue;
 281                 }
 282             }
 283             sb.append(ch);
 284         }
 285         return sb.toString();
 286     }
 287
 288     /**
 289      * Read a line of RFC4180 comma-separated values (CSV) into a list of
 290      * strings.
 291      *
 292      * @param line the CSV line, with or without without line terminators
 293      * @return the list of strings
 294      */
 295     public static List<String> fromCsv(final String line) {
 296         List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
 297
 298         StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder();
 299         boolean quoted = false;
 300         boolean fieldQuoted = false;
 301
 302         for (int i = 0; i < line.length(); i++) {
 303             char ch = line.charAt(i);
 304
 305             /*
 306             System.err.println("ch '" + ch + "' str '" + str + "' " +
 307                 " fieldQuoted " + fieldQuoted + " quoted " + quoted);
 308              */
 309
 310             if (ch == ',') {
 311                 if (fieldQuoted && quoted) {
 312                     // Terminating a quoted field.
 313                     result.add(str.toString());
 314                     str = new StringBuilder();
 315                     quoted = false;
 316                     fieldQuoted = false;
 317                 } else if (fieldQuoted) {
 318                     // Still waiting to see the terminating quote for this
 319                     // field.
 320                     str.append(ch);
 321                 } else if (quoted) {
 322                     // An unmatched double-quote and comma.  This should be
 323                     // an invalid sequence.  We will treat it as a quote
 324                     // terminating the field.
 325                     str.append('\"');
 326                     result.add(str.toString());
 327                     str = new StringBuilder();
 328                     quoted = false;
 329                     fieldQuoted = false;
 330                 } else {
 331                     // A field separator.
 332                     result.add(str.toString());
 333                     str = new StringBuilder();
 334                     quoted = false;
 335                     fieldQuoted = false;
 336                 }
 337                 continue;
 338             }
 339
 340             if (ch == '\"') {
 341                 if ((str.length() == 0) && (!fieldQuoted)) {
 342                     // The opening quote to a quoted field.
 343                     fieldQuoted = true;
 344                 } else if (quoted) {
 345                     // This is a double-quote.
 346                     str.append('\"');
 347                     quoted = false;
 348                 } else {
 349                     // This is the beginning of a quote.
 350                     quoted = true;
 351                 }
 352                 continue;
 353             }
 354
 355             // Normal character, pass it on.
 356             str.append(ch);
 357         }
 358
 359         // Include the final field.
 360         result.add(str.toString());
 361
 362         return result;
 363     }
 364
 365     /**
 366      * Write a list of strings to on line of RFC4180 comma-separated values
 367      * (CSV).
 368      *
 369      * @param list the list of strings
 370      * @return the CSV line, without any line terminators
 371      */
 372     public static String toCsv(final List<String> list) {
 373         StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
 374         int i = 0;
 375         for (String str: list) {
 376
 377             if (!str.contains("\"") && !str.contains(",")) {
 378                 // Just append the string with a comma.
 379                 result.append(str);
 380             } else if (!str.contains("\"") && str.contains(",")) {
 381                 // Contains commas, but no quotes.  Just double-quote it.
 382                 result.append("\"");
 383                 result.append(str);
 384                 result.append("\"");
 385             } else if (str.contains("\"")) {
 386                 // Contains quotes and maybe commas.  Double-quote it and
 387                 // replace quotes inside.
 388                 result.append("\"");
 389                 for (int j = 0; j < str.length(); j++) {
 390                     char ch = str.charAt(j);
 391                     result.append(ch);
 392                     if (ch == '\"') {
 393                         result.append("\"");
 394                     }
 395                 }
 396                 result.append("\"");
 397             }
 398
 399             if (i < list.size() - 1) {
 400                 result.append(",");
 401             }
 402             i++;
 403         }
 404         return result.toString();
 405     }
 406
 407     /**
 408      * Determine display width of a Unicode code point.
 409      *
 410      * @param ch the code point, can be char
 411      * @return the number of text cell columns required to display this code
 412      * point, one of 0, 1, or 2
 413      */
 414     public static int width(final int ch) {
 415         /*
 416          * This routine is a modified version of mk_wcwidth() available
 417          * at: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/wcwidth.c
 418          *
 419          * The combining characters list has been omitted from this
 420          * implementation.  Hopefully no users will be impacted.
 421          */
 422
 423         // 8-bit control characters: width 0
 424         if (ch == 0) {
 425             return 0;
 426         }
 427         if ((ch < 32) || ((ch >= 0x7f) && (ch < 0xa0))) {
 428             return 0;
 429         }
 430
 431         // All others: either 1 or 2
 432         if ((ch >= 0x1100)
 433             && ((ch <= 0x115f)
 434                 // Hangul Jamo init. consonants
 435                 || (ch == 0x2329)
 436                 || (ch == 0x232a)
 437                 // CJK ... Yi
 438                 || ((ch >= 0x2e80) && (ch <= 0xa4cf) && (ch != 0x303f))
 439                 // Hangul Syllables
 440                 || ((ch >= 0xac00) && (ch <= 0xd7a3))
 441                 // CJK Compatibility Ideographs
 442                 || ((ch >= 0xf900) && (ch <= 0xfaff))
 443                 // Vertical forms
 444                 || ((ch >= 0xfe10) && (ch <= 0xfe19))
 445                 // CJK Compatibility Forms
 446                 || ((ch >= 0xfe30) && (ch <= 0xfe6f))
 447                 // Fullwidth Forms
 448                 || ((ch >= 0xff00) && (ch <= 0xff60))
 449                 || ((ch >= 0xffe0) && (ch <= 0xffe6))
 450                 || ((ch >= 0x20000) && (ch <= 0x2fffd))
 451                 || ((ch >= 0x30000) && (ch <= 0x3fffd))
 452                 // emoji
 453                 || ((ch >= 0x1f004) && (ch <= 0x1fffd))
 454             )
 455         ) {
 456             return 2;
 457         }
 458         return 1;
 459     }
 460
 461     /**
 462      * Determine display width of a string.  This ASSUMES that no characters
 463      * are combining.  Hopefully no users will be impacted.
 464      *
 465      * @param str the string
 466      * @return the number of text cell columns required to display this string
 467      */
 468     public static int width(final String str) {
 469         int n = 0;
 470         for (int i = 0; i < str.length();) {
 471             int ch = str.codePointAt(i);
 472             n += width(ch);
 473             i += Character.charCount(ch);
 474         }
 475         return n;
 476     }
 477
 478     /**
 479      * Check if character is in the CJK range.
 480      *
 481      * @param ch character to check
 482      * @return true if this character is in the CJK range
 483      */
 484     public static boolean isCjk(final int ch) {
 485         return ((ch >= 0x2e80) && (ch <= 0x9fff));
 486     }
 487
 488     /**
 489      * Check if character is in the emoji range.
 490      *
 491      * @param ch character to check
 492      * @return true if this character is in the emoji range
 493      */
 494     public static boolean isEmoji(final int ch) {
 495         return ((ch >= 0x1f004) && (ch <= 0x1fffd));
 496     }
 497
 498 }