Add 'src/jexer/' from commit 'cf01c92f5809a0732409e280fb0f32f27393618d'
[nikiroo-utils.git] / src / jexer / TApplication.java
index ff9c19a0b00c9b7d18fa554fc80787a4edb9dabc..9d27c10f5420052103cee046baae697ca8c2bd6e 100644 (file)
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  *
  * The MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2016 Kevin Lamonte
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Kevin Lamonte
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
  * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
  */
 package jexer;
 
+import java.io.File;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.io.Reader;
 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.ResourceBundle;
 
+import jexer.bits.Cell;
 import jexer.bits.CellAttributes;
 import jexer.bits.ColorTheme;
-import jexer.bits.GraphicsChars;
+import jexer.bits.StringUtils;
 import jexer.event.TCommandEvent;
 import jexer.event.TInputEvent;
 import jexer.event.TKeypressEvent;
@@ -52,21 +56,31 @@ import jexer.event.TMenuEvent;
 import jexer.event.TMouseEvent;
 import jexer.event.TResizeEvent;
 import jexer.backend.Backend;
+import jexer.backend.MultiBackend;
+import jexer.backend.Screen;
 import jexer.backend.SwingBackend;
 import jexer.backend.ECMA48Backend;
-import jexer.io.Screen;
+import jexer.backend.TWindowBackend;
 import jexer.menu.TMenu;
 import jexer.menu.TMenuItem;
+import jexer.menu.TSubMenu;
 import static jexer.TCommand.*;
 import static jexer.TKeypress.*;
 
 /**
- * TApplication sets up a full Text User Interface application.
+ * TApplication is the main driver class for a full Text User Interface
+ * application.  It manages windows, provides a menu bar and status bar, and
+ * processes events received from the user.
  */
 public class TApplication implements Runnable {
 
+    /**
+     * Translated strings.
+     */
+    private static final ResourceBundle i18n = ResourceBundle.getBundle(TApplication.class.getName());
+
     // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Public constants -------------------------------------------------------
+    // Constants --------------------------------------------------------------
     // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     /**
@@ -79,6 +93,12 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
      */
     private static final boolean debugEvents = false;
 
+    /**
+     * If true, do "smart placement" on new windows that are not specified to
+     * be centered.
+     */
+    private static final boolean smartWindowPlacement = true;
+
     /**
      * Two backend types are available.
      */
@@ -100,145 +120,9 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
     }
 
     // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Primary/secondary event handlers ---------------------------------------
+    // Variables --------------------------------------------------------------
     // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-    /**
-     * WidgetEventHandler is the main event consumer loop.  There are at most
-     * two such threads in existence: the primary for normal case and a
-     * secondary that is used for TMessageBox, TInputBox, and similar.
-     */
-    private class WidgetEventHandler implements Runnable {
-        /**
-         * The main application.
-         */
-        private TApplication application;
-
-        /**
-         * Whether or not this WidgetEventHandler is the primary or secondary
-         * thread.
-         */
-        private boolean primary = true;
-
-        /**
-         * Public constructor.
-         *
-         * @param application the main application
-         * @param primary if true, this is the primary event handler thread
-         */
-        public WidgetEventHandler(final TApplication application,
-            final boolean primary) {
-
-            this.application = application;
-            this.primary = primary;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * The consumer loop.
-         */
-        public void run() {
-
-            // Loop forever
-            while (!application.quit) {
-
-                // Wait until application notifies me
-                while (!application.quit) {
-                    try {
-                        synchronized (application.drainEventQueue) {
-                            if (application.drainEventQueue.size() > 0) {
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-
-                        synchronized (this) {
-                            if (debugThreads) {
-                                System.err.printf("%s %s sleep\n", this,
-                                    primary ? "primary" : "secondary");
-                            }
-
-                            this.wait();
-
-                            if (debugThreads) {
-                                System.err.printf("%s %s AWAKE\n", this,
-                                    primary ? "primary" : "secondary");
-                            }
-
-                            if ((!primary)
-                                && (application.secondaryEventReceiver == null)
-                            ) {
-                                // Secondary thread, emergency exit.  If we
-                                // got here then something went wrong with
-                                // the handoff between yield() and
-                                // closeWindow().
-                                synchronized (application.primaryEventHandler) {
-                                    application.primaryEventHandler.notify();
-                                }
-                                application.secondaryEventHandler = null;
-                                throw new RuntimeException(
-                                        "secondary exited at wrong time");
-                            }
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-                        // SQUASH
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // Wait for drawAll() or doIdle() to be done, then handle the
-                // events.
-                boolean oldLock = lockHandleEvent();
-                assert (oldLock == false);
-
-                // Pull all events off the queue
-                for (;;) {
-                    TInputEvent event = null;
-                    synchronized (application.drainEventQueue) {
-                        if (application.drainEventQueue.size() == 0) {
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        event = application.drainEventQueue.remove(0);
-                    }
-                    application.repaint = true;
-                    if (primary) {
-                        primaryHandleEvent(event);
-                    } else {
-                        secondaryHandleEvent(event);
-                    }
-                    if ((!primary)
-                        && (application.secondaryEventReceiver == null)
-                    ) {
-                        // Secondary thread, time to exit.
-
-                        // DO NOT UNLOCK.  Primary thread just came back from
-                        // primaryHandleEvent() and will unlock in the else
-                        // block below.  Just wake it up.
-                        synchronized (application.primaryEventHandler) {
-                            application.primaryEventHandler.notify();
-                        }
-                        // Now eliminate my reference so that
-                        // wakeEventHandler() resumes working on the primary.
-                        application.secondaryEventHandler = null;
-
-                        // All done!
-                        return;
-                    }
-                } // for (;;)
-
-                // Unlock.  Either I am primary thread, or I am secondary
-                // thread and still running.
-                oldLock = unlockHandleEvent();
-                assert (oldLock == true);
-
-                // I have done some work of some kind.  Tell the main run()
-                // loop to wake up now.
-                synchronized (application) {
-                    application.notify();
-                }
-
-            } // while (true) (main runnable loop)
-        }
-    }
-
     /**
      * The primary event handler thread.
      */
@@ -250,176 +134,65 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
     private volatile WidgetEventHandler secondaryEventHandler;
 
     /**
-     * The widget receiving events from the secondary event handler thread.
-     */
-    private volatile TWidget secondaryEventReceiver;
-
-    /**
-     * Spinlock for the primary and secondary event handlers.
-     * WidgetEventHandler.run() is responsible for setting this value.
-     */
-    private volatile boolean insideHandleEvent = false;
-
-    /**
-     * Wake the sleeping active event handler.
-     */
-    private void wakeEventHandler() {
-        if (secondaryEventHandler != null) {
-            synchronized (secondaryEventHandler) {
-                secondaryEventHandler.notify();
-            }
-        } else {
-            assert (primaryEventHandler != null);
-            synchronized (primaryEventHandler) {
-                primaryEventHandler.notify();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Set the insideHandleEvent flag to true.  lockoutEventHandlers() will
-     * spin indefinitely until unlockHandleEvent() is called.
-     *
-     * @return the old value of insideHandleEvent
+     * The screen handler thread.
      */
-    private boolean lockHandleEvent() {
-        if (debugThreads) {
-            System.err.printf("  >> lockHandleEvent(): oldValue %s",
-                insideHandleEvent);
-        }
-        boolean oldValue = true;
-
-        synchronized (this) {
-            // Wait for TApplication.run() to finish using the global state
-            // before allowing further event processing.
-            while (lockoutHandleEvent == true) {
-                try {
-                    // Backoff so that the backend can finish its work.
-                    Thread.sleep(5);
-                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-                    // SQUASH
-                }
-            }
-
-            oldValue = insideHandleEvent;
-            insideHandleEvent = true;
-        }
-
-        if (debugThreads) {
-            System.err.printf(" ***\n");
-        }
-        return oldValue;
-    }
+    private volatile ScreenHandler screenHandler;
 
     /**
-     * Set the insideHandleEvent flag to false.  lockoutEventHandlers() will
-     * spin indefinitely until unlockHandleEvent() is called.
-     *
-     * @return the old value of insideHandleEvent
+     * The widget receiving events from the secondary event handler thread.
      */
-    private boolean unlockHandleEvent() {
-        if (debugThreads) {
-            System.err.printf("  << unlockHandleEvent(): oldValue %s\n",
-                insideHandleEvent);
-        }
-        synchronized (this) {
-            boolean oldValue = insideHandleEvent;
-            insideHandleEvent = false;
-            return oldValue;
-        }
-    }
+    private volatile TWidget secondaryEventReceiver;
 
     /**
-     * Spinlock for the primary and secondary event handlers.  When true, the
-     * event handlers will spinlock wait before calling handleEvent().
+     * Access to the physical screen, keyboard, and mouse.
      */
-    private volatile boolean lockoutHandleEvent = false;
+    private Backend backend;
 
     /**
-     * TApplication.run() needs to be able rely on the global data structures
-     * being intact when calling doIdle() and drawAll().  Tell the event
-     * handlers to wait for an unlock before handling their events.
+     * Actual mouse coordinate X.
      */
-    private void stopEventHandlers() {
-        if (debugThreads) {
-            System.err.printf(">> stopEventHandlers()");
-        }
-
-        lockoutHandleEvent = true;
-        // Wait for the last event to finish processing before returning
-        // control to TApplication.run().
-        while (insideHandleEvent == true) {
-            try {
-                // Backoff so that the event handler can finish its work.
-                Thread.sleep(1);
-            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-                // SQUASH
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (debugThreads) {
-            System.err.printf(" XXX\n");
-        }
-    }
+    private int mouseX;
 
     /**
-     * TApplication.run() needs to be able rely on the global data structures
-     * being intact when calling doIdle() and drawAll().  Tell the event
-     * handlers that it is now OK to handle their events.
+     * Actual mouse coordinate Y.
      */
-    private void startEventHandlers() {
-        if (debugThreads) {
-            System.err.printf("<< startEventHandlers()\n");
-        }
-        lockoutHandleEvent = false;
-    }
-
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // TApplication attributes ------------------------------------------------
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    private int mouseY;
 
     /**
-     * Access to the physical screen, keyboard, and mouse.
+     * Old version of mouse coordinate X.
      */
-    private Backend backend;
+    private int oldMouseX;
 
     /**
-     * Get the Backend.
-     *
-     * @return the Backend
+     * Old version mouse coordinate Y.
      */
-    public final Backend getBackend() {
-        return backend;
-    }
+    private int oldMouseY;
 
     /**
-     * Get the Screen.
-     *
-     * @return the Screen
+     * Old drawn version of mouse coordinate X.
      */
-    public final Screen getScreen() {
-        return backend.getScreen();
-    }
+    private int oldDrawnMouseX;
 
     /**
-     * Actual mouse coordinate X.
+     * Old drawn version mouse coordinate Y.
      */
-    private int mouseX;
+    private int oldDrawnMouseY;
 
     /**
-     * Actual mouse coordinate Y.
+     * Old drawn version mouse cell.
      */
-    private int mouseY;
+    private Cell oldDrawnMouseCell = new Cell();
 
     /**
-     * Old version of mouse coordinate X.
+     * The last mouse up click time, used to determine if this is a mouse
+     * double-click.
      */
-    private int oldMouseX;
+    private long lastMouseUpTime;
 
     /**
-     * Old version mouse coordinate Y.
+     * The amount of millis between mouse up events to assume a double-click.
      */
-    private int oldMouseY;
+    private long doubleClickTime = 250;
 
     /**
      * Event queue that is filled by run().
@@ -443,7 +216,7 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
     private List<TMenu> subMenus;
 
     /**
-     * The currently acive menu.
+     * The currently active menu.
      */
     private TMenu activeMenu = null;
 
@@ -463,24 +236,25 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
     private ColorTheme theme;
 
     /**
-     * Get the color theme.
-     *
-     * @return the theme
+     * The top-level windows (but not menus).
      */
-    public final ColorTheme getTheme() {
-        return theme;
-    }
+    private List<TWindow> windows;
 
     /**
-     * The top-level windows (but not menus).
+     * The currently acive window.
      */
-    private List<TWindow> windows;
+    private TWindow activeWindow = null;
 
     /**
      * Timers that are being ticked.
      */
     private List<TTimer> timers;
 
+    /**
+     * When true, the application has been started.
+     */
+    private volatile boolean started = false;
+
     /**
      * When true, exit the application.
      */
@@ -496,63 +270,369 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
      * constant.  Someday it would be nice to have a multi-line menu or
      * toolbars.
      */
-    private static final int desktopTop = 1;
+    private int desktopTop = 1;
 
     /**
-     * Get Y coordinate of the top edge of the desktop.
-     *
-     * @return Y coordinate of the top edge of the desktop
+     * Y coordinate of the bottom edge of the desktop.
      */
-    public final int getDesktopTop() {
-        return desktopTop;
-    }
+    private int desktopBottom;
 
     /**
-     * Y coordinate of the bottom edge of the desktop.
+     * An optional TDesktop background window that is drawn underneath
+     * everything else.
      */
-    private int desktopBottom;
+    private TDesktop desktop;
 
     /**
-     * Get Y coordinate of the bottom edge of the desktop.
-     *
-     * @return Y coordinate of the bottom edge of the desktop
+     * If true, focus follows mouse: windows automatically raised if the
+     * mouse passes over them.
      */
-    public final int getDesktopBottom() {
-        return desktopBottom;
-    }
+    private boolean focusFollowsMouse = false;
 
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // General behavior -------------------------------------------------------
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * If true, display a text-based mouse cursor.
+     */
+    private boolean textMouse = true;
 
     /**
-     * Display the about dialog.
+     * If true, hide the mouse after typing a keystroke.
      */
-    protected void showAboutDialog() {
-        messageBox("About", "Jexer Version " +
-            this.getClass().getPackage().getImplementationVersion(),
-            TMessageBox.Type.OK);
-    }
+    private boolean hideMouseWhenTyping = false;
 
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Constructors -----------------------------------------------------------
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * If true, the mouse should not be displayed because a keystroke was
+     * typed.
+     */
+    private boolean typingHidMouse = false;
 
     /**
-     * Public constructor.
-     *
-     * @param backendType BackendType.XTERM, BackendType.ECMA48 or
-     * BackendType.SWING
-     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException if an exception is thrown when
-     * creating the InputStreamReader
+     * If true, hide the status bar.
      */
-    public TApplication(final BackendType backendType)
-        throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    private boolean hideStatusBar = false;
 
-        switch (backendType) {
-        case SWING:
-            backend = new SwingBackend(this);
-            break;
+    /**
+     * If true, hide the menu bar.
+     */
+    private boolean hideMenuBar = false;
+
+    /**
+     * The list of commands to run before the next I/O check.
+     */
+    private List<Runnable> invokeLaters = new LinkedList<Runnable>();
+
+    /**
+     * The last time the screen was resized.
+     */
+    private long screenResizeTime = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * WidgetEventHandler is the main event consumer loop.  There are at most
+     * two such threads in existence: the primary for normal case and a
+     * secondary that is used for TMessageBox, TInputBox, and similar.
+     */
+    private class WidgetEventHandler implements Runnable {
+        /**
+         * The main application.
+         */
+        private TApplication application;
+
+        /**
+         * Whether or not this WidgetEventHandler is the primary or secondary
+         * thread.
+         */
+        private boolean primary = true;
+
+        /**
+         * Public constructor.
+         *
+         * @param application the main application
+         * @param primary if true, this is the primary event handler thread
+         */
+        public WidgetEventHandler(final TApplication application,
+            final boolean primary) {
+
+            this.application = application;
+            this.primary = primary;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * The consumer loop.
+         */
+        public void run() {
+            // Wrap everything in a try, so that if we go belly up we can let
+            // the user have their terminal back.
+            try {
+                runImpl();
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                this.application.restoreConsole();
+                t.printStackTrace();
+                this.application.exit();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * The consumer loop.
+         */
+        private void runImpl() {
+            boolean first = true;
+
+            // Loop forever
+            while (!application.quit) {
+
+                // Wait until application notifies me
+                while (!application.quit) {
+                    try {
+                        synchronized (application.drainEventQueue) {
+                            if (application.drainEventQueue.size() > 0) {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        long timeout = 0;
+                        if (first) {
+                            first = false;
+                        } else {
+                            timeout = application.getSleepTime(1000);
+                        }
+
+                        if (timeout == 0) {
+                            // A timer needs to fire, break out.
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        if (debugThreads) {
+                            System.err.printf("%d %s %s %s sleep %d millis\n",
+                                System.currentTimeMillis(), this,
+                                primary ? "primary" : "secondary",
+                                Thread.currentThread(), timeout);
+                        }
+
+                        synchronized (this) {
+                            this.wait(timeout);
+                        }
+
+                        if (debugThreads) {
+                            System.err.printf("%d %s %s %s AWAKE\n",
+                                System.currentTimeMillis(), this,
+                                primary ? "primary" : "secondary",
+                                Thread.currentThread());
+                        }
+
+                        if ((!primary)
+                            && (application.secondaryEventReceiver == null)
+                        ) {
+                            // Secondary thread, emergency exit.  If we got
+                            // here then something went wrong with the
+                            // handoff between yield() and closeWindow().
+                            synchronized (application.primaryEventHandler) {
+                                application.primaryEventHandler.notify();
+                            }
+                            application.secondaryEventHandler = null;
+                            throw new RuntimeException("secondary exited " +
+                                "at wrong time");
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                        // SQUASH
+                    }
+                } // while (!application.quit)
+
+                // Pull all events off the queue
+                for (;;) {
+                    TInputEvent event = null;
+                    synchronized (application.drainEventQueue) {
+                        if (application.drainEventQueue.size() == 0) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        event = application.drainEventQueue.remove(0);
+                    }
+
+                    // We will have an event to process, so repaint the
+                    // screen at the end.
+                    application.repaint = true;
+
+                    if (primary) {
+                        primaryHandleEvent(event);
+                    } else {
+                        secondaryHandleEvent(event);
+                    }
+                    if ((!primary)
+                        && (application.secondaryEventReceiver == null)
+                    ) {
+                        // Secondary thread, time to exit.
+
+                        // Eliminate my reference so that wakeEventHandler()
+                        // resumes working on the primary.
+                        application.secondaryEventHandler = null;
+
+                        // We are ready to exit, wake up the primary thread.
+                        // Remember that it is currently sleeping inside its
+                        // primaryHandleEvent().
+                        synchronized (application.primaryEventHandler) {
+                            application.primaryEventHandler.notify();
+                        }
+
+                        // All done!
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                } // for (;;)
+
+                // Fire timers, update screen.
+                if (!quit) {
+                    application.finishEventProcessing();
+                }
+
+            } // while (true) (main runnable loop)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * ScreenHandler pushes screen updates to the physical device.
+     */
+    private class ScreenHandler implements Runnable {
+        /**
+         * The main application.
+         */
+        private TApplication application;
+
+        /**
+         * The dirty flag.
+         */
+        private boolean dirty = false;
+
+        /**
+         * Public constructor.
+         *
+         * @param application the main application
+         */
+        public ScreenHandler(final TApplication application) {
+            this.application = application;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * The screen update loop.
+         */
+        public void run() {
+            // Wrap everything in a try, so that if we go belly up we can let
+            // the user have their terminal back.
+            try {
+                runImpl();
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                this.application.restoreConsole();
+                t.printStackTrace();
+                this.application.exit();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * The update loop.
+         */
+        private void runImpl() {
+
+            // Loop forever
+            while (!application.quit) {
+
+                // Wait until application notifies me
+                while (!application.quit) {
+                    try {
+                        synchronized (this) {
+                            if (dirty) {
+                                dirty = false;
+                                break;
+                            }
+
+                            // Always check within 50 milliseconds.
+                            this.wait(50);
+                        }
+                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                        // SQUASH
+                    }
+                } // while (!application.quit)
+
+                 // Flush the screen contents
+                if (debugThreads) {
+                    System.err.printf("%d %s backend.flushScreen()\n",
+                        System.currentTimeMillis(), Thread.currentThread());
+                }
+                synchronized (getScreen()) {
+                    backend.flushScreen();
+                }
+            } // while (true) (main runnable loop)
+
+            // Shutdown the user I/O thread(s)
+            backend.shutdown();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the dirty flag.
+         */
+        public void setDirty() {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                dirty = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Constructors -----------------------------------------------------------
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Public constructor.
+     *
+     * @param backendType BackendType.XTERM, BackendType.ECMA48 or
+     * BackendType.SWING
+     * @param windowWidth the number of text columns to start with
+     * @param windowHeight the number of text rows to start with
+     * @param fontSize the size in points
+     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException if an exception is thrown when
+     * creating the InputStreamReader
+     */
+    public TApplication(final BackendType backendType, final int windowWidth,
+        final int windowHeight, final int fontSize)
+        throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+
+        switch (backendType) {
+        case SWING:
+            backend = new SwingBackend(this, windowWidth, windowHeight,
+                fontSize);
+            break;
+        case XTERM:
+            // Fall through...
+        case ECMA48:
+            backend = new ECMA48Backend(this, null, null, windowWidth,
+                windowHeight, fontSize);
+            break;
+        default:
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid backend type: "
+                + backendType);
+        }
+        TApplicationImpl();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Public constructor.
+     *
+     * @param backendType BackendType.XTERM, BackendType.ECMA48 or
+     * BackendType.SWING
+     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException if an exception is thrown when
+     * creating the InputStreamReader
+     */
+    public TApplication(final BackendType backendType)
+        throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+
+        switch (backendType) {
+        case SWING:
+            // The default SwingBackend is 80x25, 20 pt font.  If you want to
+            // change that, you can pass the extra arguments to the
+            // SwingBackend constructor here.  For example, if you wanted
+            // 90x30, 16 pt font:
+            //
+            // backend = new SwingBackend(this, 90, 30, 16);
+            backend = new SwingBackend(this);
+            break;
         case XTERM:
             // Fall through...
         case ECMA48:
@@ -562,92 +642,1081 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid backend type: "
                 + backendType);
         }
-        TApplicationImpl();
+        TApplicationImpl();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Public constructor.  The backend type will be BackendType.ECMA48.
+     *
+     * @param input an InputStream connected to the remote user, or null for
+     * System.in.  If System.in is used, then on non-Windows systems it will
+     * be put in raw mode; shutdown() will (blindly!) put System.in in cooked
+     * mode.  input is always converted to a Reader with UTF-8 encoding.
+     * @param output an OutputStream connected to the remote user, or null
+     * for System.out.  output is always converted to a Writer with UTF-8
+     * encoding.
+     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException if an exception is thrown when
+     * creating the InputStreamReader
+     */
+    public TApplication(final InputStream input,
+        final OutputStream output) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+
+        backend = new ECMA48Backend(this, input, output);
+        TApplicationImpl();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Public constructor.  The backend type will be BackendType.ECMA48.
+     *
+     * @param input the InputStream underlying 'reader'.  Its available()
+     * method is used to determine if reader.read() will block or not.
+     * @param reader a Reader connected to the remote user.
+     * @param writer a PrintWriter connected to the remote user.
+     * @param setRawMode if true, set System.in into raw mode with stty.
+     * This should in general not be used.  It is here solely for Demo3,
+     * which uses System.in.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if input, reader, or writer are null.
+     */
+    public TApplication(final InputStream input, final Reader reader,
+        final PrintWriter writer, final boolean setRawMode) {
+
+        backend = new ECMA48Backend(this, input, reader, writer, setRawMode);
+        TApplicationImpl();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Public constructor.  The backend type will be BackendType.ECMA48.
+     *
+     * @param input the InputStream underlying 'reader'.  Its available()
+     * method is used to determine if reader.read() will block or not.
+     * @param reader a Reader connected to the remote user.
+     * @param writer a PrintWriter connected to the remote user.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if input, reader, or writer are null.
+     */
+    public TApplication(final InputStream input, final Reader reader,
+        final PrintWriter writer) {
+
+        this(input, reader, writer, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Public constructor.  This hook enables use with new non-Jexer
+     * backends.
+     *
+     * @param backend a Backend that is already ready to go.
+     */
+    public TApplication(final Backend backend) {
+        this.backend = backend;
+        backend.setListener(this);
+        TApplicationImpl();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finish construction once the backend is set.
+     */
+    private void TApplicationImpl() {
+        // Text block mouse option
+        if (System.getProperty("jexer.textMouse", "true").equals("false")) {
+            textMouse = false;
+        }
+
+        // Hide mouse when typing option
+        if (System.getProperty("jexer.hideMouseWhenTyping",
+                "false").equals("true")) {
+
+            hideMouseWhenTyping = true;
+        }
+
+        // Hide status bar option
+        if (System.getProperty("jexer.hideStatusBar",
+                "false").equals("true")) {
+            hideStatusBar = true;
+        }
+
+        // Hide menu bar option
+        if (System.getProperty("jexer.hideMenuBar", "false").equals("true")) {
+            hideMenuBar = true;
+        }
+
+        theme           = new ColorTheme();
+        desktopTop      = (hideMenuBar ? 0 : 1);
+        desktopBottom   = getScreen().getHeight() - 1 + (hideStatusBar ? 1 : 0);
+        fillEventQueue  = new LinkedList<TInputEvent>();
+        drainEventQueue = new LinkedList<TInputEvent>();
+        windows         = new LinkedList<TWindow>();
+        menus           = new ArrayList<TMenu>();
+        subMenus        = new ArrayList<TMenu>();
+        timers          = new LinkedList<TTimer>();
+        accelerators    = new HashMap<TKeypress, TMenuItem>();
+        menuItems       = new LinkedList<TMenuItem>();
+        desktop         = new TDesktop(this);
+
+        // Special case: the Swing backend needs to have a timer to drive its
+        // blink state.
+        if ((backend instanceof SwingBackend)
+            || (backend instanceof MultiBackend)
+        ) {
+            // Default to 500 millis, unless a SwingBackend has its own
+            // value.
+            long millis = 500;
+            if (backend instanceof SwingBackend) {
+                millis = ((SwingBackend) backend).getBlinkMillis();
+            }
+            if (millis > 0) {
+                addTimer(millis, true,
+                    new TAction() {
+                        public void DO() {
+                            TApplication.this.doRepaint();
+                        }
+                    }
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Runnable ---------------------------------------------------------------
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Run this application until it exits.
+     */
+    public void run() {
+        // System.err.println("*** TApplication.run() begins ***");
+
+        // Start the screen updater thread
+        screenHandler = new ScreenHandler(this);
+        (new Thread(screenHandler)).start();
+
+        // Start the main consumer thread
+        primaryEventHandler = new WidgetEventHandler(this, true);
+        (new Thread(primaryEventHandler)).start();
+
+        started = true;
+
+        while (!quit) {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                boolean doWait = false;
+
+                if (!backend.hasEvents()) {
+                    synchronized (fillEventQueue) {
+                        if (fillEventQueue.size() == 0) {
+                            doWait = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (doWait) {
+                    // No I/O to dispatch, so wait until the backend
+                    // provides new I/O.
+                    try {
+                        if (debugThreads) {
+                            System.err.println(System.currentTimeMillis() +
+                                " " + Thread.currentThread() + " MAIN sleep");
+                        }
+
+                        this.wait();
+
+                        if (debugThreads) {
+                            System.err.println(System.currentTimeMillis() +
+                                " " + Thread.currentThread() + " MAIN AWAKE");
+                        }
+                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                        // I'm awake and don't care why, let's see what's
+                        // going on out there.
+                    }
+                }
+
+            } // synchronized (this)
+
+            synchronized (fillEventQueue) {
+                // Pull any pending I/O events
+                backend.getEvents(fillEventQueue);
+
+                // Dispatch each event to the appropriate handler, one at a
+                // time.
+                for (;;) {
+                    TInputEvent event = null;
+                    if (fillEventQueue.size() == 0) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    event = fillEventQueue.remove(0);
+                    metaHandleEvent(event);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Wake a consumer thread if we have any pending events.
+            if (drainEventQueue.size() > 0) {
+                wakeEventHandler();
+            }
+
+        } // while (!quit)
+
+        // Shutdown the event consumer threads
+        if (secondaryEventHandler != null) {
+            synchronized (secondaryEventHandler) {
+                secondaryEventHandler.notify();
+            }
+        }
+        if (primaryEventHandler != null) {
+            synchronized (primaryEventHandler) {
+                primaryEventHandler.notify();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Close all the windows.  This gives them an opportunity to release
+        // resources.
+        closeAllWindows();
+
+        // Close the desktop.
+        if (desktop != null) {
+            setDesktop(null);
+        }
+
+        // Give the overarching application an opportunity to release
+        // resources.
+        onExit();
+
+        // System.err.println("*** TApplication.run() exits ***");
+    }
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Event handlers ---------------------------------------------------------
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Method that TApplication subclasses can override to handle menu or
+     * posted command events.
+     *
+     * @param command command event
+     * @return if true, this event was consumed
+     */
+    protected boolean onCommand(final TCommandEvent command) {
+        // Default: handle cmExit
+        if (command.equals(cmExit)) {
+            if (messageBox(i18n.getString("exitDialogTitle"),
+                    i18n.getString("exitDialogText"),
+                    TMessageBox.Type.YESNO).isYes()) {
+
+                exit();
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (command.equals(cmShell)) {
+            openTerminal(0, 0, TWindow.RESIZABLE);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (command.equals(cmTile)) {
+            tileWindows();
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (command.equals(cmCascade)) {
+            cascadeWindows();
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (command.equals(cmCloseAll)) {
+            closeAllWindows();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (command.equals(cmMenu) && (hideMenuBar == false)) {
+            if (!modalWindowActive() && (activeMenu == null)) {
+                if (menus.size() > 0) {
+                    menus.get(0).setActive(true);
+                    activeMenu = menus.get(0);
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method that TApplication subclasses can override to handle menu
+     * events.
+     *
+     * @param menu menu event
+     * @return if true, this event was consumed
+     */
+    protected boolean onMenu(final TMenuEvent menu) {
+
+        // Default: handle MID_EXIT
+        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_EXIT) {
+            if (messageBox(i18n.getString("exitDialogTitle"),
+                    i18n.getString("exitDialogText"),
+                    TMessageBox.Type.YESNO).isYes()) {
+
+                exit();
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_SHELL) {
+            openTerminal(0, 0, TWindow.RESIZABLE);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_TILE) {
+            tileWindows();
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_CASCADE) {
+            cascadeWindows();
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_CLOSE_ALL) {
+            closeAllWindows();
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_ABOUT) {
+            showAboutDialog();
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_REPAINT) {
+            getScreen().clearPhysical();
+            doRepaint();
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_VIEW_IMAGE) {
+            openImage();
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_SCREEN_OPTIONS) {
+            new TFontChooserWindow(this);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method that TApplication subclasses can override to handle keystrokes.
+     *
+     * @param keypress keystroke event
+     * @return if true, this event was consumed
+     */
+    protected boolean onKeypress(final TKeypressEvent keypress) {
+        // Default: only menu shortcuts
+
+        // Process Alt-F, Alt-E, etc. menu shortcut keys
+        if (!keypress.getKey().isFnKey()
+            && keypress.getKey().isAlt()
+            && !keypress.getKey().isCtrl()
+            && (activeMenu == null)
+            && !modalWindowActive()
+            && (hideMenuBar == false)
+        ) {
+
+            assert (subMenus.size() == 0);
+
+            for (TMenu menu: menus) {
+                if (Character.toLowerCase(menu.getMnemonic().getShortcut())
+                    == Character.toLowerCase(keypress.getKey().getChar())
+                ) {
+                    activeMenu = menu;
+                    menu.setActive(true);
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Process background events, and update the screen.
+     */
+    private void finishEventProcessing() {
+        if (debugThreads) {
+            System.err.printf(System.currentTimeMillis() + " " +
+                Thread.currentThread() + " finishEventProcessing()\n");
+        }
+
+        // Process timers and call doIdle()'s
+        doIdle();
+
+        // Update the screen
+        synchronized (getScreen()) {
+            drawAll();
+        }
+
+        // Wake up the screen repainter
+        wakeScreenHandler();
+
+        if (debugThreads) {
+            System.err.printf(System.currentTimeMillis() + " " +
+                Thread.currentThread() + " finishEventProcessing() END\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Peek at certain application-level events, add to eventQueue, and wake
+     * up the consuming Thread.
+     *
+     * @param event the input event to consume
+     */
+    private void metaHandleEvent(final TInputEvent event) {
+
+        if (debugEvents) {
+            System.err.printf(String.format("metaHandleEvents event: %s\n",
+                    event)); System.err.flush();
+        }
+
+        if (quit) {
+            // Do no more processing if the application is already trying
+            // to exit.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Special application-wide events -------------------------------
+
+        // Abort everything
+        if (event instanceof TCommandEvent) {
+            TCommandEvent command = (TCommandEvent) event;
+            if (command.equals(cmAbort)) {
+                exit();
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        synchronized (drainEventQueue) {
+            // Screen resize
+            if (event instanceof TResizeEvent) {
+                TResizeEvent resize = (TResizeEvent) event;
+                synchronized (getScreen()) {
+                    if ((System.currentTimeMillis() - screenResizeTime >= 15)
+                        || (resize.getWidth() < getScreen().getWidth())
+                        || (resize.getHeight() < getScreen().getHeight())
+                    ) {
+                        getScreen().setDimensions(resize.getWidth(),
+                            resize.getHeight());
+                        screenResizeTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                    }
+                    desktopBottom = getScreen().getHeight() - 1;
+                    if (hideStatusBar) {
+                        desktopBottom++;
+                    }
+                    mouseX = 0;
+                    mouseY = 0;
+                    oldMouseX = 0;
+                    oldMouseY = 0;
+                }
+                if (desktop != null) {
+                    desktop.setDimensions(0, desktopTop, resize.getWidth(),
+                        (desktopBottom - desktopTop));
+                    desktop.onResize(resize);
+                }
+
+                // Change menu edges if needed.
+                recomputeMenuX();
+
+                // We are dirty, redraw the screen.
+                doRepaint();
+
+                /*
+                System.err.println("New screen: " + resize.getWidth() +
+                    " x " + resize.getHeight());
+                */
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Put into the main queue
+            drainEventQueue.add(event);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dispatch one event to the appropriate widget or application-level
+     * event handler.  This is the primary event handler, it has the normal
+     * application-wide event handling.
+     *
+     * @param event the input event to consume
+     * @see #secondaryHandleEvent(TInputEvent event)
+     */
+    private void primaryHandleEvent(final TInputEvent event) {
+
+        if (debugEvents) {
+            System.err.printf("%s primaryHandleEvent: %s\n",
+                Thread.currentThread(), event);
+        }
+        TMouseEvent doubleClick = null;
+
+        // Special application-wide events -----------------------------------
+
+        if (event instanceof TKeypressEvent) {
+            if (hideMouseWhenTyping) {
+                typingHidMouse = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Peek at the mouse position
+        if (event instanceof TMouseEvent) {
+            typingHidMouse = false;
+
+            TMouseEvent mouse = (TMouseEvent) event;
+            if ((mouseX != mouse.getX()) || (mouseY != mouse.getY())) {
+                oldMouseX = mouseX;
+                oldMouseY = mouseY;
+                mouseX = mouse.getX();
+                mouseY = mouse.getY();
+            } else {
+                if ((mouse.getType() == TMouseEvent.Type.MOUSE_DOWN)
+                    && (!mouse.isMouseWheelUp())
+                    && (!mouse.isMouseWheelDown())
+                ) {
+                    if ((mouse.getTime().getTime() - lastMouseUpTime) <
+                        doubleClickTime) {
+
+                        // This is a double-click.
+                        doubleClick = new TMouseEvent(TMouseEvent.Type.
+                            MOUSE_DOUBLE_CLICK,
+                            mouse.getX(), mouse.getY(),
+                            mouse.getAbsoluteX(), mouse.getAbsoluteY(),
+                            mouse.isMouse1(), mouse.isMouse2(),
+                            mouse.isMouse3(),
+                            mouse.isMouseWheelUp(), mouse.isMouseWheelDown());
+
+                    } else {
+                        // The first click of a potential double-click.
+                        lastMouseUpTime = mouse.getTime().getTime();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // See if we need to switch focus to another window or the menu
+            checkSwitchFocus((TMouseEvent) event);
+        }
+
+        // Handle menu events
+        if ((activeMenu != null) && !(event instanceof TCommandEvent)) {
+            TMenu menu = activeMenu;
+
+            if (event instanceof TMouseEvent) {
+                TMouseEvent mouse = (TMouseEvent) event;
+
+                while (subMenus.size() > 0) {
+                    TMenu subMenu = subMenus.get(subMenus.size() - 1);
+                    if (subMenu.mouseWouldHit(mouse)) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    if ((mouse.getType() == TMouseEvent.Type.MOUSE_MOTION)
+                        && (!mouse.isMouse1())
+                        && (!mouse.isMouse2())
+                        && (!mouse.isMouse3())
+                        && (!mouse.isMouseWheelUp())
+                        && (!mouse.isMouseWheelDown())
+                    ) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    // We navigated away from a sub-menu, so close it
+                    closeSubMenu();
+                }
+
+                // Convert the mouse relative x/y to menu coordinates
+                assert (mouse.getX() == mouse.getAbsoluteX());
+                assert (mouse.getY() == mouse.getAbsoluteY());
+                if (subMenus.size() > 0) {
+                    menu = subMenus.get(subMenus.size() - 1);
+                }
+                mouse.setX(mouse.getX() - menu.getX());
+                mouse.setY(mouse.getY() - menu.getY());
+            }
+            menu.handleEvent(event);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (event instanceof TKeypressEvent) {
+            TKeypressEvent keypress = (TKeypressEvent) event;
+
+            // See if this key matches an accelerator, and is not being
+            // shortcutted by the active window, and if so dispatch the menu
+            // event.
+            boolean windowWillShortcut = false;
+            if (activeWindow != null) {
+                assert (activeWindow.isShown());
+                if (activeWindow.isShortcutKeypress(keypress.getKey())) {
+                    // We do not process this key, it will be passed to the
+                    // window instead.
+                    windowWillShortcut = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!windowWillShortcut && !modalWindowActive()) {
+                TKeypress keypressLowercase = keypress.getKey().toLowerCase();
+                TMenuItem item = null;
+                synchronized (accelerators) {
+                    item = accelerators.get(keypressLowercase);
+                }
+                if (item != null) {
+                    if (item.isEnabled()) {
+                        // Let the menu item dispatch
+                        item.dispatch();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Handle the keypress
+                if (onKeypress(keypress)) {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (event instanceof TCommandEvent) {
+            if (onCommand((TCommandEvent) event)) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (event instanceof TMenuEvent) {
+            if (onMenu((TMenuEvent) event)) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Dispatch events to the active window -------------------------------
+        boolean dispatchToDesktop = true;
+        TWindow window = activeWindow;
+        if (window != null) {
+            assert (window.isActive());
+            assert (window.isShown());
+            if (event instanceof TMouseEvent) {
+                TMouseEvent mouse = (TMouseEvent) event;
+                // Convert the mouse relative x/y to window coordinates
+                assert (mouse.getX() == mouse.getAbsoluteX());
+                assert (mouse.getY() == mouse.getAbsoluteY());
+                mouse.setX(mouse.getX() - window.getX());
+                mouse.setY(mouse.getY() - window.getY());
+
+                if (doubleClick != null) {
+                    doubleClick.setX(doubleClick.getX() - window.getX());
+                    doubleClick.setY(doubleClick.getY() - window.getY());
+                }
+
+                if (window.mouseWouldHit(mouse)) {
+                    dispatchToDesktop = false;
+                }
+            } else if (event instanceof TKeypressEvent) {
+                dispatchToDesktop = false;
+            } else if (event instanceof TMenuEvent) {
+                dispatchToDesktop = false;
+            }
+
+            if (debugEvents) {
+                System.err.printf("TApplication dispatch event: %s\n",
+                    event);
+            }
+            window.handleEvent(event);
+            if (doubleClick != null) {
+                window.handleEvent(doubleClick);
+            }
+        }
+        if (dispatchToDesktop) {
+            // This event is fair game for the desktop to process.
+            if (desktop != null) {
+                desktop.handleEvent(event);
+                if (doubleClick != null) {
+                    desktop.handleEvent(doubleClick);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dispatch one event to the appropriate widget or application-level
+     * event handler.  This is the secondary event handler used by certain
+     * special dialogs (currently TMessageBox and TFileOpenBox).
+     *
+     * @param event the input event to consume
+     * @see #primaryHandleEvent(TInputEvent event)
+     */
+    private void secondaryHandleEvent(final TInputEvent event) {
+        TMouseEvent doubleClick = null;
+
+        if (debugEvents) {
+            System.err.printf("%s secondaryHandleEvent: %s\n",
+                Thread.currentThread(), event);
+        }
+
+        // Peek at the mouse position
+        if (event instanceof TMouseEvent) {
+            typingHidMouse = false;
+
+            TMouseEvent mouse = (TMouseEvent) event;
+            if ((mouseX != mouse.getX()) || (mouseY != mouse.getY())) {
+                oldMouseX = mouseX;
+                oldMouseY = mouseY;
+                mouseX = mouse.getX();
+                mouseY = mouse.getY();
+            } else {
+                if ((mouse.getType() == TMouseEvent.Type.MOUSE_DOWN)
+                    && (!mouse.isMouseWheelUp())
+                    && (!mouse.isMouseWheelDown())
+                ) {
+                    if ((mouse.getTime().getTime() - lastMouseUpTime) <
+                        doubleClickTime) {
+
+                        // This is a double-click.
+                        doubleClick = new TMouseEvent(TMouseEvent.Type.
+                            MOUSE_DOUBLE_CLICK,
+                            mouse.getX(), mouse.getY(),
+                            mouse.getAbsoluteX(), mouse.getAbsoluteY(),
+                            mouse.isMouse1(), mouse.isMouse2(),
+                            mouse.isMouse3(),
+                            mouse.isMouseWheelUp(), mouse.isMouseWheelDown());
+
+                    } else {
+                        // The first click of a potential double-click.
+                        lastMouseUpTime = mouse.getTime().getTime();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        secondaryEventReceiver.handleEvent(event);
+        // Note that it is possible for secondaryEventReceiver to be null
+        // now, because its handleEvent() might have finished out on the
+        // secondary thread.  So put any extra processing inside a null
+        // check.
+        if (secondaryEventReceiver != null) {
+            if (doubleClick != null) {
+                secondaryEventReceiver.handleEvent(doubleClick);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enable a widget to override the primary event thread.
+     *
+     * @param widget widget that will receive events
+     */
+    public final void enableSecondaryEventReceiver(final TWidget widget) {
+        if (debugThreads) {
+            System.err.println(System.currentTimeMillis() +
+                " enableSecondaryEventReceiver()");
+        }
+
+        assert (secondaryEventReceiver == null);
+        assert (secondaryEventHandler == null);
+        assert ((widget instanceof TMessageBox)
+            || (widget instanceof TFileOpenBox));
+        secondaryEventReceiver = widget;
+        secondaryEventHandler = new WidgetEventHandler(this, false);
+
+        (new Thread(secondaryEventHandler)).start();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Yield to the secondary thread.
+     */
+    public final void yield() {
+        if (debugThreads) {
+            System.err.printf(System.currentTimeMillis() + " " +
+                Thread.currentThread() + " yield()\n");
+        }
+
+        assert (secondaryEventReceiver != null);
+
+        while (secondaryEventReceiver != null) {
+            synchronized (primaryEventHandler) {
+                try {
+                    primaryEventHandler.wait();
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    // SQUASH
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Do stuff when there is no user input.
+     */
+    private void doIdle() {
+        if (debugThreads) {
+            System.err.printf(System.currentTimeMillis() + " " +
+                Thread.currentThread() + " doIdle()\n");
+        }
+
+        synchronized (timers) {
+
+            if (debugThreads) {
+                System.err.printf(System.currentTimeMillis() + " " +
+                    Thread.currentThread() + " doIdle() 2\n");
+            }
+
+            // Run any timers that have timed out
+            Date now = new Date();
+            List<TTimer> keepTimers = new LinkedList<TTimer>();
+            for (TTimer timer: timers) {
+                if (timer.getNextTick().getTime() <= now.getTime()) {
+                    // Something might change, so repaint the screen.
+                    repaint = true;
+                    timer.tick();
+                    if (timer.recurring) {
+                        keepTimers.add(timer);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    keepTimers.add(timer);
+                }
+            }
+            timers.clear();
+            timers.addAll(keepTimers);
+        }
+
+        // Call onIdle's
+        for (TWindow window: windows) {
+            window.onIdle();
+        }
+        if (desktop != null) {
+            desktop.onIdle();
+        }
+
+        // Run any invokeLaters
+        synchronized (invokeLaters) {
+            for (Runnable invoke: invokeLaters) {
+                invoke.run();
+            }
+            invokeLaters.clear();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wake the sleeping active event handler.
+     */
+    private void wakeEventHandler() {
+        if (!started) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (secondaryEventHandler != null) {
+            synchronized (secondaryEventHandler) {
+                secondaryEventHandler.notify();
+            }
+        } else {
+            assert (primaryEventHandler != null);
+            synchronized (primaryEventHandler) {
+                primaryEventHandler.notify();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wake the sleeping screen handler.
+     */
+    private void wakeScreenHandler() {
+        if (!started) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        synchronized (screenHandler) {
+            screenHandler.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // TApplication -----------------------------------------------------------
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Place a command on the run queue, and run it before the next round of
+     * checking I/O.
+     *
+     * @param command the command to run later
+     */
+    public void invokeLater(final Runnable command) {
+        synchronized (invokeLaters) {
+            invokeLaters.add(command);
+        }
+        doRepaint();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Restore the console to sane defaults.  This is meant to be used for
+     * improper exits (e.g. a caught exception in main()), and should not be
+     * necessary for normal program termination.
+     */
+    public void restoreConsole() {
+        if (backend != null) {
+            if (backend instanceof ECMA48Backend) {
+                backend.shutdown();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the Backend.
+     *
+     * @return the Backend
+     */
+    public final Backend getBackend() {
+        return backend;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the Screen.
+     *
+     * @return the Screen
+     */
+    public final Screen getScreen() {
+        if (backend instanceof TWindowBackend) {
+            // We are being rendered to a TWindow.  We can't use its
+            // getScreen() method because that is how it is rendering to a
+            // hardware backend somewhere.  Instead use its getOtherScreen()
+            // method.
+            return ((TWindowBackend) backend).getOtherScreen();
+        } else {
+            return backend.getScreen();
+        }
     }
 
     /**
-     * Public constructor.  The backend type will be BackendType.ECMA48.
+     * Get the color theme.
      *
-     * @param input an InputStream connected to the remote user, or null for
-     * System.in.  If System.in is used, then on non-Windows systems it will
-     * be put in raw mode; shutdown() will (blindly!) put System.in in cooked
-     * mode.  input is always converted to a Reader with UTF-8 encoding.
-     * @param output an OutputStream connected to the remote user, or null
-     * for System.out.  output is always converted to a Writer with UTF-8
-     * encoding.
-     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException if an exception is thrown when
-     * creating the InputStreamReader
+     * @return the theme
      */
-    public TApplication(final InputStream input,
-        final OutputStream output) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    public final ColorTheme getTheme() {
+        return theme;
+    }
 
-        backend = new ECMA48Backend(this, input, output);
-        TApplicationImpl();
+    /**
+     * Repaint the screen on the next update.
+     */
+    public void doRepaint() {
+        repaint = true;
+        wakeEventHandler();
     }
 
     /**
-     * Public constructor.  The backend type will be BackendType.ECMA48.
+     * Get Y coordinate of the top edge of the desktop.
      *
-     * @param input the InputStream underlying 'reader'.  Its available()
-     * method is used to determine if reader.read() will block or not.
-     * @param reader a Reader connected to the remote user.
-     * @param writer a PrintWriter connected to the remote user.
-     * @param setRawMode if true, set System.in into raw mode with stty.
-     * This should in general not be used.  It is here solely for Demo3,
-     * which uses System.in.
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if input, reader, or writer are null.
+     * @return Y coordinate of the top edge of the desktop
      */
-    public TApplication(final InputStream input, final Reader reader,
-        final PrintWriter writer, final boolean setRawMode) {
+    public final int getDesktopTop() {
+        return desktopTop;
+    }
 
-        backend = new ECMA48Backend(this, input, reader, writer, setRawMode);
-        TApplicationImpl();
+    /**
+     * Get Y coordinate of the bottom edge of the desktop.
+     *
+     * @return Y coordinate of the bottom edge of the desktop
+     */
+    public final int getDesktopBottom() {
+        return desktopBottom;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Public constructor.  The backend type will be BackendType.ECMA48.
+     * Set the TDesktop instance.
      *
-     * @param input the InputStream underlying 'reader'.  Its available()
-     * method is used to determine if reader.read() will block or not.
-     * @param reader a Reader connected to the remote user.
-     * @param writer a PrintWriter connected to the remote user.
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if input, reader, or writer are null.
+     * @param desktop a TDesktop instance, or null to remove the one that is
+     * set
      */
-    public TApplication(final InputStream input, final Reader reader,
-        final PrintWriter writer) {
+    public final void setDesktop(final TDesktop desktop) {
+        if (this.desktop != null) {
+            this.desktop.onPreClose();
+            this.desktop.onUnfocus();
+            this.desktop.onClose();
+        }
+        this.desktop = desktop;
+    }
 
-        this(input, reader, writer, false);
+    /**
+     * Get the TDesktop instance.
+     *
+     * @return the desktop, or null if it is not set
+     */
+    public final TDesktop getDesktop() {
+        return desktop;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Public constructor.  This hook enables use with new non-Jexer
-     * backends.
+     * Get the current active window.
      *
-     * @param backend a Backend that is already ready to go.
+     * @return the active window, or null if it is not set
      */
-    public TApplication(final Backend backend) {
-        this.backend = backend;
-        TApplicationImpl();
+    public final TWindow getActiveWindow() {
+        return activeWindow;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Finish construction once the backend is set.
+     * Get a (shallow) copy of the window list.
+     *
+     * @return a copy of the list of windows for this application
      */
-    private void TApplicationImpl() {
-        theme           = new ColorTheme();
-        desktopBottom   = getScreen().getHeight() - 1;
-        fillEventQueue  = new ArrayList<TInputEvent>();
-        drainEventQueue = new ArrayList<TInputEvent>();
-        windows         = new LinkedList<TWindow>();
-        menus           = new LinkedList<TMenu>();
-        subMenus        = new LinkedList<TMenu>();
-        timers          = new LinkedList<TTimer>();
-        accelerators    = new HashMap<TKeypress, TMenuItem>();
-        menuItems       = new ArrayList<TMenuItem>();
+    public final List<TWindow> getAllWindows() {
+        List<TWindow> result = new ArrayList<TWindow>();
+        result.addAll(windows);
+        return result;
+    }
 
-        // Setup the main consumer thread
-        primaryEventHandler = new WidgetEventHandler(this, true);
-        (new Thread(primaryEventHandler)).start();
+    /**
+     * Get focusFollowsMouse flag.
+     *
+     * @return true if focus follows mouse: windows automatically raised if
+     * the mouse passes over them
+     */
+    public boolean getFocusFollowsMouse() {
+        return focusFollowsMouse;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set focusFollowsMouse flag.
+     *
+     * @param focusFollowsMouse if true, focus follows mouse: windows
+     * automatically raised if the mouse passes over them
+     */
+    public void setFocusFollowsMouse(final boolean focusFollowsMouse) {
+        this.focusFollowsMouse = focusFollowsMouse;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Display the about dialog.
+     */
+    protected void showAboutDialog() {
+        String version = getClass().getPackage().getImplementationVersion();
+        if (version == null) {
+            // This is Java 9+, use a hardcoded string here.
+            version = "0.3.2";
+        }
+        messageBox(i18n.getString("aboutDialogTitle"),
+            MessageFormat.format(i18n.getString("aboutDialogText"), version),
+            TMessageBox.Type.OK);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Handle the Tool | Open image menu item.
+     */
+    private void openImage() {
+        try {
+            List<String> filters = new ArrayList<String>();
+            filters.add("^.*\\.[Jj][Pp][Gg]$");
+            filters.add("^.*\\.[Jj][Pp][Ee][Gg]$");
+            filters.add("^.*\\.[Pp][Nn][Gg]$");
+            filters.add("^.*\\.[Gg][Ii][Ff]$");
+            filters.add("^.*\\.[Bb][Mm][Pp]$");
+            String filename = fileOpenBox(".", TFileOpenBox.Type.OPEN, filters);
+            if (filename != null) {
+                new TImageWindow(this, new File(filename));
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // Show this exception to the user.
+            new TExceptionDialog(this, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if application is still running.
+     *
+     * @return true if the application is running
+     */
+    public final boolean isRunning() {
+        if (quit == true) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
     }
 
     // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -661,45 +1730,169 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
      * @param y row position
      */
     private void invertCell(final int x, final int y) {
+        invertCell(x, y, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invert the cell color at a position.  This is used to track the mouse.
+     *
+     * @param x column position
+     * @param y row position
+     * @param onlyThisCell if true, only invert this cell
+     */
+    private void invertCell(final int x, final int y,
+        final boolean onlyThisCell) {
+
         if (debugThreads) {
-            System.err.printf("invertCell() %d %d\n", x, y);
+            System.err.printf("%d %s invertCell() %d %d\n",
+                System.currentTimeMillis(), Thread.currentThread(), x, y);
+
+            if (activeWindow != null) {
+                System.err.println("activeWindow.hasHiddenMouse() " +
+                    activeWindow.hasHiddenMouse());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If this cell is on top of a visible window that has requested a
+        // hidden mouse, bail out.
+        if ((activeWindow != null) && (activeMenu == null)) {
+            if ((activeWindow.hasHiddenMouse() == true)
+                && (x > activeWindow.getX())
+                && (x < activeWindow.getX() + activeWindow.getWidth() - 1)
+                && (y > activeWindow.getY())
+                && (y < activeWindow.getY() + activeWindow.getHeight() - 1)
+            ) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If this cell is on top of the desktop, and the desktop has
+        // requested a hidden mouse, bail out.
+        if ((desktop != null) && (activeWindow == null) && (activeMenu == null)) {
+            if ((desktop.hasHiddenMouse() == true)
+                && (x > desktop.getX())
+                && (x < desktop.getX() + desktop.getWidth() - 1)
+                && (y > desktop.getY())
+                && (y < desktop.getY() + desktop.getHeight() - 1)
+            ) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Cell cell = getScreen().getCharXY(x, y);
+        if (cell.isImage()) {
+            cell.invertImage();
+        }
+        if (cell.getForeColorRGB() < 0) {
+            cell.setForeColor(cell.getForeColor().invert());
+        } else {
+            cell.setForeColorRGB(cell.getForeColorRGB() ^ 0x00ffffff);
+        }
+        if (cell.getBackColorRGB() < 0) {
+            cell.setBackColor(cell.getBackColor().invert());
+        } else {
+            cell.setBackColorRGB(cell.getBackColorRGB() ^ 0x00ffffff);
+        }
+        getScreen().putCharXY(x, y, cell);
+        if ((onlyThisCell == true) || (cell.getWidth() == Cell.Width.SINGLE)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // This cell is one half of a fullwidth glyph.  Invert the other
+        // half.
+        if (cell.getWidth() == Cell.Width.LEFT) {
+            if (x < getScreen().getWidth() - 1) {
+                Cell rightHalf = getScreen().getCharXY(x + 1, y);
+                if (rightHalf.getWidth() == Cell.Width.RIGHT) {
+                    invertCell(x + 1, y, true);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (cell.getWidth() == Cell.Width.RIGHT) {
+            if (x > 0) {
+                Cell leftHalf = getScreen().getCharXY(x - 1, y);
+                if (leftHalf.getWidth() == Cell.Width.LEFT) {
+                    invertCell(x - 1, y, true);
+                }
+            }
         }
-        CellAttributes attr = getScreen().getAttrXY(x, y);
-        attr.setForeColor(attr.getForeColor().invert());
-        attr.setBackColor(attr.getBackColor().invert());
-        getScreen().putAttrXY(x, y, attr, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Draw everything.
      */
     private void drawAll() {
+        boolean menuIsActive = false;
+
         if (debugThreads) {
-            System.err.printf("drawAll() enter\n");
+            System.err.printf("%d %s drawAll() enter\n",
+                System.currentTimeMillis(), Thread.currentThread());
         }
 
+        // I don't think this does anything useful anymore...
         if (!repaint) {
             if (debugThreads) {
-                System.err.printf("drawAll() !repaint\n");
+                System.err.printf("%d %s drawAll() !repaint\n",
+                    System.currentTimeMillis(), Thread.currentThread());
             }
-            synchronized (getScreen()) {
-                if ((oldMouseX != mouseX) || (oldMouseY != mouseY)) {
-                    // The only thing that has happened is the mouse moved.
-                    // Clear the old position and draw the new position.
-                    invertCell(oldMouseX, oldMouseY);
-                    invertCell(mouseX, mouseY);
-                    oldMouseX = mouseX;
-                    oldMouseY = mouseY;
+            if ((oldDrawnMouseX != mouseX) || (oldDrawnMouseY != mouseY)) {
+                if (debugThreads) {
+                    System.err.printf("%d %s drawAll() !repaint MOUSE\n",
+                        System.currentTimeMillis(), Thread.currentThread());
                 }
-                if (getScreen().isDirty()) {
-                    backend.flushScreen();
+
+                // The only thing that has happened is the mouse moved.
+
+                // Redraw the old cell at that position, and save the cell at
+                // the new mouse position.
+                if (debugThreads) {
+                    System.err.printf("%d %s restoreImage() %d %d\n",
+                        System.currentTimeMillis(), Thread.currentThread(),
+                        oldDrawnMouseX, oldDrawnMouseY);
                 }
-                return;
+                oldDrawnMouseCell.restoreImage();
+                getScreen().putCharXY(oldDrawnMouseX, oldDrawnMouseY,
+                    oldDrawnMouseCell);
+                oldDrawnMouseCell = getScreen().getCharXY(mouseX, mouseY);
+                if (backend instanceof ECMA48Backend) {
+                    // Special case: the entire row containing the mouse has
+                    // to be re-drawn if it has any image data, AND any rows
+                    // in between.
+                    if (oldDrawnMouseY != mouseY) {
+                        for (int i = oldDrawnMouseY; ;) {
+                            getScreen().unsetImageRow(i);
+                            if (i == mouseY) {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            if (oldDrawnMouseY < mouseY) {
+                                i++;
+                            } else {
+                                i--;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        getScreen().unsetImageRow(mouseY);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if ((textMouse == true) && (typingHidMouse == false)) {
+                    // Draw mouse at the new position.
+                    invertCell(mouseX, mouseY);
+                }
+
+                oldDrawnMouseX = mouseX;
+                oldDrawnMouseY = mouseY;
             }
+            if (getScreen().isDirty()) {
+                screenHandler.setDirty();
+            }
+            return;
         }
 
         if (debugThreads) {
-            System.err.printf("drawAll() REDRAW\n");
+            System.err.printf("%d %s drawAll() REDRAW\n",
+                System.currentTimeMillis(), Thread.currentThread());
         }
 
         // If true, the cursor is not visible
@@ -708,476 +1901,401 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
         // Start with a clean screen
         getScreen().clear();
 
-        // Draw the background
-        CellAttributes background = theme.getColor("tapplication.background");
-        getScreen().putAll(GraphicsChars.HATCH, background);
+        // Draw the desktop
+        if (desktop != null) {
+            desktop.drawChildren();
+        }
 
         // Draw each window in reverse Z order
-        List<TWindow> sorted = new LinkedList<TWindow>(windows);
+        List<TWindow> sorted = new ArrayList<TWindow>(windows);
         Collections.sort(sorted);
-        TWindow topLevel = sorted.get(0);
+        TWindow topLevel = null;
+        if (sorted.size() > 0) {
+            topLevel = sorted.get(0);
+        }
         Collections.reverse(sorted);
         for (TWindow window: sorted) {
-            window.drawChildren();
-        }
-
-        // Draw the blank menubar line - reset the screen clipping first so
-        // it won't trim it out.
-        getScreen().resetClipping();
-        getScreen().hLineXY(0, 0, getScreen().getWidth(), ' ',
-            theme.getColor("tmenu"));
-        // Now draw the menus.
-        int x = 1;
-        for (TMenu menu: menus) {
-            CellAttributes menuColor;
-            CellAttributes menuMnemonicColor;
-            if (menu.isActive()) {
-                menuColor = theme.getColor("tmenu.highlighted");
-                menuMnemonicColor = theme.getColor("tmenu.mnemonic.highlighted");
-                topLevel = menu;
-            } else {
-                menuColor = theme.getColor("tmenu");
-                menuMnemonicColor = theme.getColor("tmenu.mnemonic");
-            }
-            // Draw the menu title
-            getScreen().hLineXY(x, 0, menu.getTitle().length() + 2, ' ',
-                menuColor);
-            getScreen().putStringXY(x + 1, 0, menu.getTitle(), menuColor);
-            // Draw the highlight character
-            getScreen().putCharXY(x + 1 + menu.getMnemonic().getShortcutIdx(),
-                0, menu.getMnemonic().getShortcut(), menuMnemonicColor);
-
-            if (menu.isActive()) {
-                menu.drawChildren();
-                // Reset the screen clipping so we can draw the next title.
-                getScreen().resetClipping();
+            if (window.isShown()) {
+                window.drawChildren();
             }
-            x += menu.getTitle().length() + 2;
         }
 
-        for (TMenu menu: subMenus) {
-            // Reset the screen clipping so we can draw the next sub-menu.
-            getScreen().resetClipping();
-            menu.drawChildren();
-        }
+        if (hideMenuBar == false) {
 
-        // Draw the status bar of the top-level window
-        TStatusBar statusBar = topLevel.getStatusBar();
-        if (statusBar != null) {
+            // Draw the blank menubar line - reset the screen clipping first
+            // so it won't trim it out.
             getScreen().resetClipping();
-            statusBar.setWidth(getScreen().getWidth());
-            statusBar.setY(getScreen().getHeight() - topLevel.getY());
-            statusBar.draw();
-        } else {
-            CellAttributes barColor = new CellAttributes();
-            barColor.setTo(getTheme().getColor("tstatusbar.text"));
-            getScreen().hLineXY(0, desktopBottom, getScreen().getWidth(), ' ',
-                barColor);
-        }
-
-        // Draw the mouse pointer
-        invertCell(mouseX, mouseY);
-        oldMouseX = mouseX;
-        oldMouseY = mouseY;
-
-        // Place the cursor if it is visible
-        TWidget activeWidget = null;
-        if (sorted.size() > 0) {
-            activeWidget = sorted.get(sorted.size() - 1).getActiveChild();
-            if (activeWidget.isCursorVisible()) {
-                getScreen().putCursor(true, activeWidget.getCursorAbsoluteX(),
-                    activeWidget.getCursorAbsoluteY());
-                cursor = true;
+            getScreen().hLineXY(0, 0, getScreen().getWidth(), ' ',
+                theme.getColor("tmenu"));
+            // Now draw the menus.
+            int x = 1;
+            for (TMenu menu: menus) {
+                CellAttributes menuColor;
+                CellAttributes menuMnemonicColor;
+                if (menu.isActive()) {
+                    menuIsActive = true;
+                    menuColor = theme.getColor("tmenu.highlighted");
+                    menuMnemonicColor = theme.getColor("tmenu.mnemonic.highlighted");
+                    topLevel = menu;
+                } else {
+                    menuColor = theme.getColor("tmenu");
+                    menuMnemonicColor = theme.getColor("tmenu.mnemonic");
+                }
+                // Draw the menu title
+                getScreen().hLineXY(x, 0,
+                    StringUtils.width(menu.getTitle()) + 2, ' ', menuColor);
+                getScreen().putStringXY(x + 1, 0, menu.getTitle(), menuColor);
+                // Draw the highlight character
+                getScreen().putCharXY(x + 1 +
+                    menu.getMnemonic().getScreenShortcutIdx(),
+                    0, menu.getMnemonic().getShortcut(), menuMnemonicColor);
+
+                if (menu.isActive()) {
+                    ((TWindow) menu).drawChildren();
+                    // Reset the screen clipping so we can draw the next
+                    // title.
+                    getScreen().resetClipping();
+                }
+                x += StringUtils.width(menu.getTitle()) + 2;
             }
-        }
 
-        // Kill the cursor
-        if (!cursor) {
-            getScreen().hideCursor();
+            for (TMenu menu: subMenus) {
+                // Reset the screen clipping so we can draw the next
+                // sub-menu.
+                getScreen().resetClipping();
+                ((TWindow) menu).drawChildren();
+            }
         }
+        getScreen().resetClipping();
 
-        // Flush the screen contents
-        if (getScreen().isDirty()) {
-            backend.flushScreen();
+        if (hideStatusBar == false) {
+            // Draw the status bar of the top-level window
+            TStatusBar statusBar = null;
+            if (topLevel != null) {
+                statusBar = topLevel.getStatusBar();
+            }
+            if (statusBar != null) {
+                getScreen().resetClipping();
+                statusBar.setWidth(getScreen().getWidth());
+                statusBar.setY(getScreen().getHeight() - topLevel.getY());
+                statusBar.draw();
+            } else {
+                CellAttributes barColor = new CellAttributes();
+                barColor.setTo(getTheme().getColor("tstatusbar.text"));
+                getScreen().hLineXY(0, desktopBottom, getScreen().getWidth(),
+                    ' ', barColor);
+            }
         }
 
-        repaint = false;
-    }
-
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Main loop --------------------------------------------------------------
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    /**
-     * Run this application until it exits.
-     */
-    public void run() {
-        while (!quit) {
-            // Timeout is in milliseconds, so default timeout after 1 second
-            // of inactivity.
-            long timeout = 0;
-
-            // If I've got no updates to render, wait for something from the
-            // backend or a timer.
-            if (!repaint
-                && ((mouseX == oldMouseX) && (mouseY == oldMouseY))
-            ) {
-                // Never sleep longer than 50 millis.  We need time for
-                // windows with background tasks to update the display, and
-                // still flip buffers reasonably quickly in
-                // backend.flushPhysical().
-                timeout = getSleepTime(50);
-            }
-
-            if (timeout > 0) {
-                // As of now, I've got nothing to do: no I/O, nothing from
-                // the consumer threads, no timers that need to run ASAP.  So
-                // wait until either the backend or the consumer threads have
-                // something to do.
-                try {
-                    if (debugThreads) {
-                        System.err.println("sleep " + timeout + " millis");
+        // Draw the mouse pointer
+        if (debugThreads) {
+            System.err.printf("%d %s restoreImage() %d %d\n",
+                System.currentTimeMillis(), Thread.currentThread(),
+                oldDrawnMouseX, oldDrawnMouseY);
+        }
+        oldDrawnMouseCell = getScreen().getCharXY(mouseX, mouseY);
+        if (backend instanceof ECMA48Backend) {
+            // Special case: the entire row containing the mouse has to be
+            // re-drawn if it has any image data, AND any rows in between.
+            if (oldDrawnMouseY != mouseY) {
+                for (int i = oldDrawnMouseY; ;) {
+                    getScreen().unsetImageRow(i);
+                    if (i == mouseY) {
+                        break;
                     }
-                    synchronized (this) {
-                        this.wait(timeout);
+                    if (oldDrawnMouseY < mouseY) {
+                        i++;
+                    } else {
+                        i--;
                     }
-                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-                    // I'm awake and don't care why, let's see what's going
-                    // on out there.
                 }
-                repaint = true;
+            } else {
+                getScreen().unsetImageRow(mouseY);
             }
+        }
+        if ((textMouse == true) && (typingHidMouse == false)) {
+            invertCell(mouseX, mouseY);
+        }
+        oldDrawnMouseX = mouseX;
+        oldDrawnMouseY = mouseY;
 
-            // Prevent stepping on the primary or secondary event handler.
-            stopEventHandlers();
-
-            // Pull any pending I/O events
-            backend.getEvents(fillEventQueue);
+        // Place the cursor if it is visible
+        if (!menuIsActive) {
 
-            // Dispatch each event to the appropriate handler, one at a time.
-            for (;;) {
-                TInputEvent event = null;
-                if (fillEventQueue.size() == 0) {
-                    break;
+            int visibleWindowCount = 0;
+            for (TWindow window: sorted) {
+                if (window.isShown()) {
+                    visibleWindowCount++;
                 }
-                event = fillEventQueue.remove(0);
-                metaHandleEvent(event);
-            }
-
-            // Wake a consumer thread if we have any pending events.
-            if (drainEventQueue.size() > 0) {
-                wakeEventHandler();
             }
-
-            // Process timers and call doIdle()'s
-            doIdle();
-
-            // Update the screen
-            synchronized (getScreen()) {
-                drawAll();
+            if (visibleWindowCount == 0) {
+                // No windows are visible, only the desktop.  Allow it to
+                // have the cursor.
+                if (desktop != null) {
+                    sorted.add(desktop);
+                }
             }
 
-            // Let the event handlers run again.
-            startEventHandlers();
-
-        } // while (!quit)
-
-        // Shutdown the event consumer threads
-        if (secondaryEventHandler != null) {
-            synchronized (secondaryEventHandler) {
-                secondaryEventHandler.notify();
-            }
-        }
-        if (primaryEventHandler != null) {
-            synchronized (primaryEventHandler) {
-                primaryEventHandler.notify();
+            TWidget activeWidget = null;
+            if (sorted.size() > 0) {
+                activeWidget = sorted.get(sorted.size() - 1).getActiveChild();
+                int cursorClipTop = desktopTop;
+                int cursorClipBottom = desktopBottom;
+                if (activeWidget.isCursorVisible()) {
+                    if ((activeWidget.getCursorAbsoluteY() <= cursorClipBottom)
+                        && (activeWidget.getCursorAbsoluteY() >= cursorClipTop)
+                    ) {
+                        getScreen().putCursor(true,
+                            activeWidget.getCursorAbsoluteX(),
+                            activeWidget.getCursorAbsoluteY());
+                        cursor = true;
+                    } else {
+                        // Turn off the cursor.  Also place it at 0,0.
+                        getScreen().putCursor(false, 0, 0);
+                        cursor = false;
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
 
-        // Shutdown the user I/O thread(s)
-        backend.shutdown();
-
-        // Close all the windows.  This gives them an opportunity to release
-        // resources.
-        closeAllWindows();
+        // Kill the cursor
+        if (!cursor) {
+            getScreen().hideCursor();
+        }
 
+        if (getScreen().isDirty()) {
+            screenHandler.setDirty();
+        }
+        repaint = false;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Peek at certain application-level events, add to eventQueue, and wake
-     * up the consuming Thread.
-     *
-     * @param event the input event to consume
+     * Force this application to exit.
      */
-    private void metaHandleEvent(final TInputEvent event) {
-
-        if (debugEvents) {
-            System.err.printf(String.format("metaHandleEvents event: %s\n",
-                    event)); System.err.flush();
+    public void exit() {
+        quit = true;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            this.notify();
         }
+    }
 
-        if (quit) {
-            // Do no more processing if the application is already trying
-            // to exit.
-            return;
-        }
+    /**
+     * Subclasses can use this hook to cleanup resources.  Called as the last
+     * step of TApplication.run().
+     */
+    public void onExit() {
+        // Default does nothing.
+    }
 
-        // Special application-wide events -------------------------------
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // TWindow management -----------------------------------------------------
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-        // Abort everything
-        if (event instanceof TCommandEvent) {
-            TCommandEvent command = (TCommandEvent) event;
-            if (command.getCmd().equals(cmAbort)) {
-                quit = true;
-                return;
-            }
-        }
+    /**
+     * Return the total number of windows.
+     *
+     * @return the total number of windows
+     */
+    public final int windowCount() {
+        return windows.size();
+    }
 
-        // Screen resize
-        if (event instanceof TResizeEvent) {
-            TResizeEvent resize = (TResizeEvent) event;
-            synchronized (getScreen()) {
-                getScreen().setDimensions(resize.getWidth(),
-                    resize.getHeight());
-                desktopBottom = getScreen().getHeight() - 1;
-                mouseX = 0;
-                mouseY = 0;
-                oldMouseX = 0;
-                oldMouseY = 0;
+    /**
+     * Return the number of windows that are showing.
+     *
+     * @return the number of windows that are showing on screen
+     */
+    public final int shownWindowCount() {
+        int n = 0;
+        for (TWindow w: windows) {
+            if (w.isShown()) {
+                n++;
             }
-            return;
         }
+        return n;
+    }
 
-        // Peek at the mouse position
-        if (event instanceof TMouseEvent) {
-            TMouseEvent mouse = (TMouseEvent) event;
-            synchronized (getScreen()) {
-                if ((mouseX != mouse.getX()) || (mouseY != mouse.getY())) {
-                    oldMouseX = mouseX;
-                    oldMouseY = mouseY;
-                    mouseX = mouse.getX();
-                    mouseY = mouse.getY();
-                }
+    /**
+     * Return the number of windows that are hidden.
+     *
+     * @return the number of windows that are hidden
+     */
+    public final int hiddenWindowCount() {
+        int n = 0;
+        for (TWindow w: windows) {
+            if (w.isHidden()) {
+                n++;
             }
         }
-
-        // Put into the main queue
-        drainEventQueue.add(event);
+        return n;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Dispatch one event to the appropriate widget or application-level
-     * event handler.  This is the primary event handler, it has the normal
-     * application-wide event handling.
+     * Check if a window instance is in this application's window list.
      *
-     * @param event the input event to consume
-     * @see #secondaryHandleEvent(TInputEvent event)
+     * @param window window to look for
+     * @return true if this window is in the list
      */
-    private void primaryHandleEvent(final TInputEvent event) {
-
-        if (debugEvents) {
-            System.err.printf("Handle event: %s\n", event);
+    public final boolean hasWindow(final TWindow window) {
+        if (windows.size() == 0) {
+            return false;
         }
-
-        // Special application-wide events -----------------------------------
-
-        // Peek at the mouse position
-        if (event instanceof TMouseEvent) {
-            // See if we need to switch focus to another window or the menu
-            checkSwitchFocus((TMouseEvent) event);
+        for (TWindow w: windows) {
+            if (w == window) {
+                assert (window.getApplication() == this);
+                return true;
+            }
         }
+        return false;
+    }
 
-        // Handle menu events
-        if ((activeMenu != null) && !(event instanceof TCommandEvent)) {
-            TMenu menu = activeMenu;
-
-            if (event instanceof TMouseEvent) {
-                TMouseEvent mouse = (TMouseEvent) event;
-
-                while (subMenus.size() > 0) {
-                    TMenu subMenu = subMenus.get(subMenus.size() - 1);
-                    if (subMenu.mouseWouldHit(mouse)) {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    if ((mouse.getType() == TMouseEvent.Type.MOUSE_MOTION)
-                        && (!mouse.isMouse1())
-                        && (!mouse.isMouse2())
-                        && (!mouse.isMouse3())
-                        && (!mouse.isMouseWheelUp())
-                        && (!mouse.isMouseWheelDown())
-                    ) {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    // We navigated away from a sub-menu, so close it
-                    closeSubMenu();
-                }
-
-                // Convert the mouse relative x/y to menu coordinates
-                assert (mouse.getX() == mouse.getAbsoluteX());
-                assert (mouse.getY() == mouse.getAbsoluteY());
-                if (subMenus.size() > 0) {
-                    menu = subMenus.get(subMenus.size() - 1);
-                }
-                mouse.setX(mouse.getX() - menu.getX());
-                mouse.setY(mouse.getY() - menu.getY());
-            }
-            menu.handleEvent(event);
+    /**
+     * Activate a window: bring it to the top and have it receive events.
+     *
+     * @param window the window to become the new active window
+     */
+    public void activateWindow(final TWindow window) {
+        if (hasWindow(window) == false) {
+            /*
+             * Someone has a handle to a window I don't have.  Ignore this
+             * request.
+             */
             return;
         }
 
-        if (event instanceof TKeypressEvent) {
-            TKeypressEvent keypress = (TKeypressEvent) event;
-
-            // See if this key matches an accelerator, and is not being
-            // shortcutted by the active window, and if so dispatch the menu
-            // event.
-            boolean windowWillShortcut = false;
-            for (TWindow window: windows) {
-                if (window.isActive()) {
-                    if (window.isShortcutKeypress(keypress.getKey())) {
-                        // We do not process this key, it will be passed to
-                        // the window instead.
-                        windowWillShortcut = true;
-                    }
-                }
+        // Whatever window might be moving/dragging, stop it now.
+        for (TWindow w: windows) {
+            if (w.inMovements()) {
+                w.stopMovements();
             }
+        }
 
-            if (!windowWillShortcut && !modalWindowActive()) {
-                TKeypress keypressLowercase = keypress.getKey().toLowerCase();
-                TMenuItem item = null;
-                synchronized (accelerators) {
-                    item = accelerators.get(keypressLowercase);
-                }
-                if (item != null) {
-                    if (item.isEnabled()) {
-                        // Let the menu item dispatch
-                        item.dispatch();
-                        return;
-                    }
-                }
+        assert (windows.size() > 0);
 
-                // Handle the keypress
-                if (onKeypress(keypress)) {
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
+        if (window.isHidden()) {
+            // Unhiding will also activate.
+            showWindow(window);
+            return;
         }
+        assert (window.isShown());
 
-        if (event instanceof TCommandEvent) {
-            if (onCommand((TCommandEvent) event)) {
-                return;
+        if (windows.size() == 1) {
+            assert (window == windows.get(0));
+            if (activeWindow == null) {
+                activeWindow = window;
+                window.setZ(0);
+                activeWindow.setActive(true);
+                activeWindow.onFocus();
             }
+
+            assert (window.isActive());
+            assert (activeWindow == window);
+            return;
         }
 
-        if (event instanceof TMenuEvent) {
-            if (onMenu((TMenuEvent) event)) {
-                return;
-            }
+        if (activeWindow == window) {
+            assert (window.isActive());
+
+            // Window is already active, do nothing.
+            return;
         }
 
-        // Dispatch events to the active window -------------------------------
-        for (TWindow window: windows) {
-            if (window.isActive()) {
-                if (event instanceof TMouseEvent) {
-                    TMouseEvent mouse = (TMouseEvent) event;
-                    // Convert the mouse relative x/y to window coordinates
-                    assert (mouse.getX() == mouse.getAbsoluteX());
-                    assert (mouse.getY() == mouse.getAbsoluteY());
-                    mouse.setX(mouse.getX() - window.getX());
-                    mouse.setY(mouse.getY() - window.getY());
+        assert (!window.isActive());
+        if (activeWindow != null) {
+            activeWindow.setActive(false);
+
+            // Increment every window Z that is on top of window
+            for (TWindow w: windows) {
+                if (w == window) {
+                    continue;
                 }
-                if (debugEvents) {
-                    System.err.printf("TApplication dispatch event: %s\n",
-                        event);
+                if (w.getZ() < window.getZ()) {
+                    w.setZ(w.getZ() + 1);
                 }
-                window.handleEvent(event);
-                break;
             }
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * Dispatch one event to the appropriate widget or application-level
-     * event handler.  This is the secondary event handler used by certain
-     * special dialogs (currently TMessageBox and TFileOpenBox).
-     *
-     * @param event the input event to consume
-     * @see #primaryHandleEvent(TInputEvent event)
-     */
-    private void secondaryHandleEvent(final TInputEvent event) {
-        secondaryEventReceiver.handleEvent(event);
+
+            // Unset activeWindow now before unfocus, so that a window
+            // lifecycle change inside onUnfocus() doesn't call
+            // switchWindow() and lead to a stack overflow.
+            TWindow oldActiveWindow = activeWindow;
+            activeWindow = null;
+            oldActiveWindow.onUnfocus();
+        }
+        activeWindow = window;
+        activeWindow.setZ(0);
+        activeWindow.setActive(true);
+        activeWindow.onFocus();
+        return;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Enable a widget to override the primary event thread.
+     * Hide a window.
      *
-     * @param widget widget that will receive events
-     */
-    public final void enableSecondaryEventReceiver(final TWidget widget) {
-        assert (secondaryEventReceiver == null);
-        assert (secondaryEventHandler == null);
-        assert ((widget instanceof TMessageBox)
-            || (widget instanceof TFileOpenBox));
-        secondaryEventReceiver = widget;
-        secondaryEventHandler = new WidgetEventHandler(this, false);
-        (new Thread(secondaryEventHandler)).start();
-    }
+     * @param window the window to hide
+     */
+    public void hideWindow(final TWindow window) {
+        if (hasWindow(window) == false) {
+            /*
+             * Someone has a handle to a window I don't have.  Ignore this
+             * request.
+             */
+            return;
+        }
 
-    /**
-     * Yield to the secondary thread.
-     */
-    public final void yield() {
-        assert (secondaryEventReceiver != null);
-        // This is where we handoff the event handler lock from the primary
-        // to secondary thread.  We unlock here, and in a future loop the
-        // secondary thread locks again.  When it gives up, we have the
-        // single lock back.
-        boolean oldLock = unlockHandleEvent();
-        assert (oldLock);
+        // Whatever window might be moving/dragging, stop it now.
+        for (TWindow w: windows) {
+            if (w.inMovements()) {
+                w.stopMovements();
+            }
+        }
 
-        while (secondaryEventReceiver != null) {
-            synchronized (primaryEventHandler) {
-                try {
-                    primaryEventHandler.wait();
-                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-                    // SQUASH
+        assert (windows.size() > 0);
+
+        if (!window.hidden) {
+            if (window == activeWindow) {
+                if (shownWindowCount() > 1) {
+                    switchWindow(true);
+                } else {
+                    activeWindow = null;
+                    window.setActive(false);
+                    window.onUnfocus();
                 }
             }
+            window.hidden = true;
+            window.onHide();
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * Do stuff when there is no user input.
-     */
-    private void doIdle() {
-        if (debugThreads) {
-            System.err.printf("doIdle()\n");
+     * Show a window.
+     *
+     * @param window the window to show
+     */
+    public void showWindow(final TWindow window) {
+        if (hasWindow(window) == false) {
+            /*
+             * Someone has a handle to a window I don't have.  Ignore this
+             * request.
+             */
+            return;
         }
 
-        // Now run any timers that have timed out
-        Date now = new Date();
-        List<TTimer> keepTimers = new LinkedList<TTimer>();
-        for (TTimer timer: timers) {
-            if (timer.getNextTick().getTime() <= now.getTime()) {
-                timer.tick();
-                if (timer.recurring) {
-                    keepTimers.add(timer);
-                }
-            } else {
-                keepTimers.add(timer);
+        // Whatever window might be moving/dragging, stop it now.
+        for (TWindow w: windows) {
+            if (w.inMovements()) {
+                w.stopMovements();
             }
         }
-        timers = keepTimers;
 
-        // Call onIdle's
-        for (TWindow window: windows) {
-            window.onIdle();
+        assert (windows.size() > 0);
+
+        if (window.hidden) {
+            window.hidden = false;
+            window.onShow();
+            activateWindow(window);
         }
     }
 
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // TWindow management -----------------------------------------------------
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
     /**
      * Close window.  Note that the window's destructor is NOT called by this
      * method, instead the GC is assumed to do the cleanup.
@@ -1185,27 +2303,56 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
      * @param window the window to remove
      */
     public final void closeWindow(final TWindow window) {
+        if (hasWindow(window) == false) {
+            /*
+             * Someone has a handle to a window I don't have.  Ignore this
+             * request.
+             */
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Let window know that it is about to be closed, while it is still
+        // visible on screen.
+        window.onPreClose();
+
         synchronized (windows) {
+            // Whatever window might be moving/dragging, stop it now.
+            for (TWindow w: windows) {
+                if (w.inMovements()) {
+                    w.stopMovements();
+                }
+            }
+
             int z = window.getZ();
             window.setZ(-1);
             window.onUnfocus();
+            windows.remove(window);
             Collections.sort(windows);
-            windows.remove(0);
-            TWindow activeWindow = null;
+            activeWindow = null;
+            int newZ = 0;
+            boolean foundNextWindow = false;
+
             for (TWindow w: windows) {
-                if (w.getZ() > z) {
-                    w.setZ(w.getZ() - 1);
-                    if (w.getZ() == 0) {
-                        w.setActive(true);
-                        w.onFocus();
-                        assert (activeWindow == null);
-                        activeWindow = w;
-                    } else {
-                        if (w.isActive()) {
-                            w.setActive(false);
-                            w.onUnfocus();
-                        }
-                    }
+                w.setZ(newZ);
+                newZ++;
+
+                // Do not activate a hidden window.
+                if (w.isHidden()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (foundNextWindow == false) {
+                    foundNextWindow = true;
+                    w.setActive(true);
+                    w.onFocus();
+                    assert (activeWindow == null);
+                    activeWindow = w;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (w.isActive()) {
+                    w.setActive(false);
+                    w.onUnfocus();
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1227,6 +2374,13 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
                 secondaryEventHandler.notify();
             }
         }
+
+        // Permit desktop to be active if it is the only thing left.
+        if (desktop != null) {
+            if (windows.size() == 0) {
+                desktop.setActive(true);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1236,73 +2390,128 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
      * otherwise switch to the previous window in the list
      */
     public final void switchWindow(final boolean forward) {
-        // Only switch if there are multiple windows
-        if (windows.size() < 2) {
+        // Only switch if there are multiple visible windows
+        if (shownWindowCount() < 2) {
             return;
         }
+        assert (activeWindow != null);
 
         synchronized (windows) {
+            // Whatever window might be moving/dragging, stop it now.
+            for (TWindow w: windows) {
+                if (w.inMovements()) {
+                    w.stopMovements();
+                }
+            }
 
             // Swap z/active between active window and the next in the list
             int activeWindowI = -1;
             for (int i = 0; i < windows.size(); i++) {
-                if (windows.get(i).isActive()) {
+                if (windows.get(i) == activeWindow) {
+                    assert (activeWindow.isActive());
                     activeWindowI = i;
                     break;
+                } else {
+                    assert (!windows.get(0).isActive());
                 }
             }
             assert (activeWindowI >= 0);
 
             // Do not switch if a window is modal
-            if (windows.get(activeWindowI).isModal()) {
+            if (activeWindow.isModal()) {
                 return;
             }
 
-            int nextWindowI;
-            if (forward) {
-                nextWindowI = (activeWindowI + 1) % windows.size();
-            } else {
-                if (activeWindowI == 0) {
-                    nextWindowI = windows.size() - 1;
+            int nextWindowI = activeWindowI;
+            for (;;) {
+                if (forward) {
+                    nextWindowI++;
+                    nextWindowI %= windows.size();
                 } else {
-                    nextWindowI = activeWindowI - 1;
+                    nextWindowI--;
+                    if (nextWindowI < 0) {
+                        nextWindowI = windows.size() - 1;
+                    }
                 }
-            }
-            windows.get(activeWindowI).setActive(false);
-            windows.get(activeWindowI).setZ(windows.get(nextWindowI).getZ());
-            windows.get(activeWindowI).onUnfocus();
-            windows.get(nextWindowI).setZ(0);
-            windows.get(nextWindowI).setActive(true);
-            windows.get(nextWindowI).onFocus();
 
+                if (windows.get(nextWindowI).isShown()) {
+                    activateWindow(windows.get(nextWindowI));
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
         } // synchronized (windows)
 
     }
 
     /**
-     * Add a window to my window list and make it active.
+     * Add a window to my window list and make it active.  Note package
+     * private access.
      *
      * @param window new window to add
      */
-    public final void addWindow(final TWindow window) {
+    final void addWindowToApplication(final TWindow window) {
+
+        // Do not add menu windows to the window list.
+        if (window instanceof TMenu) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Do not add the desktop to the window list.
+        if (window instanceof TDesktop) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         synchronized (windows) {
+            if (windows.contains(window)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Window " + window +
+                    " is already in window list");
+            }
+
+            // Whatever window might be moving/dragging, stop it now.
+            for (TWindow w: windows) {
+                if (w.inMovements()) {
+                    w.stopMovements();
+                }
+            }
+
             // Do not allow a modal window to spawn a non-modal window.  If a
             // modal window is active, then this window will become modal
             // too.
             if (modalWindowActive()) {
                 window.flags |= TWindow.MODAL;
+                window.flags |= TWindow.CENTERED;
+                window.hidden = false;
             }
-            for (TWindow w: windows) {
-                if (w.isActive()) {
-                    w.setActive(false);
-                    w.onUnfocus();
+            if (window.isShown()) {
+                for (TWindow w: windows) {
+                    if (w.isActive()) {
+                        w.setActive(false);
+                        w.onUnfocus();
+                    }
+                    w.setZ(w.getZ() + 1);
                 }
-                w.setZ(w.getZ() + 1);
             }
             windows.add(window);
-            window.setZ(0);
-            window.setActive(true);
-            window.onFocus();
+            if (window.isShown()) {
+                activeWindow = window;
+                activeWindow.setZ(0);
+                activeWindow.setActive(true);
+                activeWindow.onFocus();
+            }
+
+            if (((window.flags & TWindow.CENTERED) == 0)
+                && ((window.flags & TWindow.ABSOLUTEXY) == 0)
+                && (smartWindowPlacement == true)
+                && (!(window instanceof TDesktop))
+            ) {
+
+                doSmartPlacement(window);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Desktop cannot be active over any other window.
+        if (desktop != null) {
+            desktop.setActive(false);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1325,6 +2534,21 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
         return false;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Check if there is a window with overridden menu flag on top.
+     *
+     * @return true if the active window is overriding the menu
+     */
+    private boolean overrideMenuWindowActive() {
+        if (activeWindow != null) {
+            if (activeWindow.hasOverriddenMenu()) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Close all open windows.
      */
@@ -1370,7 +2594,7 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
             int newHeight1 = ((getScreen().getHeight() - 1) / b);
             int newHeight2 = ((getScreen().getHeight() - 1) / (b + c));
 
-            List<TWindow> sorted = new LinkedList<TWindow>(windows);
+            List<TWindow> sorted = new ArrayList<TWindow>(windows);
             Collections.sort(sorted);
             Collections.reverse(sorted);
             for (int i = 0; i < sorted.size(); i++) {
@@ -1382,6 +2606,9 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
                 }
 
                 TWindow w = sorted.get(i);
+                int oldWidth = w.getWidth();
+                int oldHeight = w.getHeight();
+
                 w.setX(logicalX * newWidth);
                 w.setWidth(newWidth);
                 if (i >= ((a - 1) * b)) {
@@ -1391,6 +2618,12 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
                     w.setY((logicalY * newHeight1) + 1);
                     w.setHeight(newHeight1);
                 }
+                if ((w.getWidth() != oldWidth)
+                    || (w.getHeight() != oldHeight)
+                ) {
+                    w.onResize(new TResizeEvent(TResizeEvent.Type.WIDGET,
+                            w.getWidth(), w.getHeight()));
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1406,7 +2639,7 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
             }
             int x = 0;
             int y = 1;
-            List<TWindow> sorted = new LinkedList<TWindow>(windows);
+            List<TWindow> sorted = new ArrayList<TWindow>(windows);
             Collections.sort(sorted);
             Collections.reverse(sorted);
             for (TWindow window: sorted) {
@@ -1424,6 +2657,137 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Place a window to minimize its overlap with other windows.
+     *
+     * @param window the window to place
+     */
+    public final void doSmartPlacement(final TWindow window) {
+        // This is a pretty dumb algorithm, but seems to work.  The hardest
+        // part is computing these "overlap" values seeking a minimum average
+        // overlap.
+        int xMin = 0;
+        int yMin = desktopTop;
+        int xMax = getScreen().getWidth() - window.getWidth() + 1;
+        int yMax = desktopBottom  - window.getHeight() + 1;
+        if (xMax < xMin) {
+            xMax = xMin;
+        }
+        if (yMax < yMin) {
+            yMax = yMin;
+        }
+
+        if ((xMin == xMax) && (yMin == yMax)) {
+            // No work to do, bail out.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Compute the overlap matrix without the new window.
+        int width = getScreen().getWidth();
+        int height = getScreen().getHeight();
+        int overlapMatrix[][] = new int[width][height];
+        for (TWindow w: windows) {
+            if (window == w) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            for (int x = w.getX(); x < w.getX() + w.getWidth(); x++) {
+                if (x < 0) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (x >= width) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                for (int y = w.getY(); y < w.getY() + w.getHeight(); y++) {
+                    if (y < 0) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if (y >= height) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    overlapMatrix[x][y]++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        long oldOverlapTotal = 0;
+        long oldOverlapN = 0;
+        for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+            for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+                oldOverlapTotal += overlapMatrix[x][y];
+                if (overlapMatrix[x][y] > 0) {
+                    oldOverlapN++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        double oldOverlapAvg = (double) oldOverlapTotal / (double) oldOverlapN;
+        boolean first = true;
+        int windowX = window.getX();
+        int windowY = window.getY();
+
+        // For each possible (x, y) position for the new window, compute a
+        // new overlap matrix.
+        for (int x = xMin; x < xMax; x++) {
+            for (int y = yMin; y < yMax; y++) {
+
+                // Start with the matrix minus this window.
+                int newMatrix[][] = new int[width][height];
+                for (int mx = 0; mx < width; mx++) {
+                    for (int my = 0; my < height; my++) {
+                        newMatrix[mx][my] = overlapMatrix[mx][my];
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Add this window's values to the new overlap matrix.
+                long newOverlapTotal = 0;
+                long newOverlapN = 0;
+                // Start by adding each new cell.
+                for (int wx = x; wx < x + window.getWidth(); wx++) {
+                    if (wx >= width) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    for (int wy = y; wy < y + window.getHeight(); wy++) {
+                        if (wy >= height) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        newMatrix[wx][wy]++;
+                    }
+                }
+                // Now figure out the new value for total coverage.
+                for (int mx = 0; mx < width; mx++) {
+                    for (int my = 0; my < height; my++) {
+                        newOverlapTotal += newMatrix[x][y];
+                        if (newMatrix[mx][my] > 0) {
+                            newOverlapN++;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                double newOverlapAvg = (double) newOverlapTotal / (double) newOverlapN;
+
+                if (first) {
+                    // First time: just record what we got.
+                    oldOverlapAvg = newOverlapAvg;
+                    first = false;
+                } else {
+                    // All other times: pick a new best (x, y) and save the
+                    // overlap value.
+                    if (newOverlapAvg < oldOverlapAvg) {
+                        windowX = x;
+                        windowY = y;
+                        oldOverlapAvg = newOverlapAvg;
+                    }
+                }
+
+            } // for (int x = xMin; x < xMax; x++)
+
+        } // for (int y = yMin; y < yMax; y++)
+
+        // Finally, set the window's new coordinates.
+        window.setX(windowX);
+        window.setY(windowY);
+    }
+
     // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
     // TMenu management -------------------------------------------------------
     // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1438,7 +2802,7 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
      */
     private boolean mouseOnMenu(final TMouseEvent mouse) {
         assert (activeMenu != null);
-        List<TMenu> menus = new LinkedList<TMenu>(subMenus);
+        List<TMenu> menus = new ArrayList<TMenu>(subMenus);
         Collections.reverse(menus);
         for (TMenu menu: menus) {
             if (menu.mouseWouldHit(mouse)) {
@@ -1475,7 +2839,9 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
         if ((mouse.getType() == TMouseEvent.Type.MOUSE_DOWN)
             && (mouse.isMouse1())
             && (!modalWindowActive())
+            && (!overrideMenuWindowActive())
             && (mouse.getAbsoluteY() == 0)
+            && (hideMenuBar == false)
         ) {
 
             for (TMenu menu: subMenus) {
@@ -1485,9 +2851,9 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
 
             // They selected the menu, go activate it
             for (TMenu menu: menus) {
-                if ((mouse.getAbsoluteX() >= menu.getX())
-                    && (mouse.getAbsoluteX() < menu.getX()
-                        + menu.getTitle().length() + 2)
+                if ((mouse.getAbsoluteX() >= menu.getTitleX())
+                    && (mouse.getAbsoluteX() < menu.getTitleX()
+                        + StringUtils.width(menu.getTitle()) + 2)
                 ) {
                     menu.setActive(true);
                     activeMenu = menu;
@@ -1503,6 +2869,7 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
             && (mouse.isMouse1())
             && (activeMenu != null)
             && (mouse.getAbsoluteY() == 0)
+            && (hideMenuBar == false)
         ) {
 
             TMenu oldMenu = activeMenu;
@@ -1513,9 +2880,9 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
 
             // See if we should switch menus
             for (TMenu menu: menus) {
-                if ((mouse.getAbsoluteX() >= menu.getX())
-                    && (mouse.getAbsoluteX() < menu.getX()
-                        + menu.getTitle().length() + 2)
+                if ((mouse.getAbsoluteX() >= menu.getTitleX())
+                    && (mouse.getAbsoluteX() < menu.getTitleX()
+                        + StringUtils.width(menu.getTitle()) + 2)
                 ) {
                     menu.setActive(true);
                     activeMenu = menu;
@@ -1528,46 +2895,66 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
             return;
         }
 
-        // Only switch if there are multiple windows
-        if (windows.size() < 2) {
+        // If a menu is still active, don't switch windows
+        if (activeMenu != null) {
             return;
         }
 
-        // Switch on the upclick
-        if (mouse.getType() != TMouseEvent.Type.MOUSE_UP) {
+        // Only switch if there are multiple windows
+        if (windows.size() < 2) {
             return;
         }
 
-        synchronized (windows) {
-            Collections.sort(windows);
-            if (windows.get(0).isModal()) {
-                // Modal windows don't switch
-                return;
-            }
+        if (((focusFollowsMouse == true)
+                && (mouse.getType() == TMouseEvent.Type.MOUSE_MOTION))
+            || (mouse.getType() == TMouseEvent.Type.MOUSE_DOWN)
+        ) {
+            synchronized (windows) {
+                Collections.sort(windows);
+                if (windows.get(0).isModal()) {
+                    // Modal windows don't switch
+                    return;
+                }
 
-            for (TWindow window: windows) {
-                assert (!window.isModal());
-                if (window.mouseWouldHit(mouse)) {
-                    if (window == windows.get(0)) {
-                        // Clicked on the same window, nothing to do
-                        return;
+                for (TWindow window: windows) {
+                    assert (!window.isModal());
+
+                    if (window.isHidden()) {
+                        assert (!window.isActive());
+                        continue;
                     }
 
-                    // We will be switching to another window
-                    assert (windows.get(0).isActive());
-                    assert (!window.isActive());
-                    windows.get(0).onUnfocus();
-                    windows.get(0).setActive(false);
-                    windows.get(0).setZ(window.getZ());
-                    window.setZ(0);
-                    window.setActive(true);
-                    window.onFocus();
-                    return;
+                    if (window.mouseWouldHit(mouse)) {
+                        if (window == windows.get(0)) {
+                            // Clicked on the same window, nothing to do
+                            assert (window.isActive());
+                            return;
+                        }
+
+                        // We will be switching to another window
+                        assert (windows.get(0).isActive());
+                        assert (windows.get(0) == activeWindow);
+                        assert (!window.isActive());
+                        if (activeWindow != null) {
+                            activeWindow.onUnfocus();
+                            activeWindow.setActive(false);
+                            activeWindow.setZ(window.getZ());
+                        }
+                        activeWindow = window;
+                        window.setZ(0);
+                        window.setActive(true);
+                        window.onFocus();
+                        return;
+                    }
                 }
             }
+
+            // Clicked on the background, nothing to do
+            return;
         }
 
-        // Clicked on the background, nothing to do
+        // Nothing to do: this isn't a mouse up, or focus isn't following
+        // mouse.
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1585,6 +2972,53 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get a (shallow) copy of the menu list.
+     *
+     * @return a copy of the menu list
+     */
+    public final List<TMenu> getAllMenus() {
+        return new ArrayList<TMenu>(menus);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a top-level menu to the list.
+     *
+     * @param menu the menu to add
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the menu is already used in
+     * another TApplication
+     */
+    public final void addMenu(final TMenu menu) {
+        if ((menu.getApplication() != null)
+            && (menu.getApplication() != this)
+        ) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Menu " + menu + " is already " +
+                "part of application " + menu.getApplication());
+        }
+        closeMenu();
+        menus.add(menu);
+        recomputeMenuX();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove a top-level menu from the list.
+     *
+     * @param menu the menu to remove
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the menu is already used in
+     * another TApplication
+     */
+    public final void removeMenu(final TMenu menu) {
+        if ((menu.getApplication() != null)
+            && (menu.getApplication() != this)
+        ) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Menu " + menu + " is already " +
+                "part of application " + menu.getApplication());
+        }
+        closeMenu();
+        menus.remove(menu);
+        recomputeMenuX();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Turn off a sub-menu.
      */
@@ -1604,6 +3038,7 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
      */
     public final void switchMenu(final boolean forward) {
         assert (activeMenu != null);
+        assert (hideMenuBar == false);
 
         for (TMenu menu: subMenus) {
             menu.setActive(false);
@@ -1615,10 +3050,14 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
                 if (forward) {
                     if (i < menus.size() - 1) {
                         i++;
+                    } else {
+                        i = 0;
                     }
                 } else {
                     if (i > 0) {
                         i--;
+                    } else {
+                        i = menus.size() - 1;
                     }
                 }
                 activeMenu.setActive(false);
@@ -1671,6 +3110,7 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
         for (TMenuItem item: menuItems) {
             if ((item.getId() >= lower) && (item.getId() <= upper)) {
                 item.setEnabled(false);
+                item.getParent().activate(0);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1684,6 +3124,7 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
         for (TMenuItem item: menuItems) {
             if (item.getId() == id) {
                 item.setEnabled(true);
+                item.getParent().activate(0);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1699,8 +3140,24 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
         for (TMenuItem item: menuItems) {
             if ((item.getId() >= lower) && (item.getId() <= upper)) {
                 item.setEnabled(true);
+                item.getParent().activate(0);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the menu item associated with this ID.
+     *
+     * @param id the menu item ID
+     * @return the menu item, or null if not found
+     */
+    public final TMenuItem getMenuItem(final int id) {
+        for (TMenuItem item: menuItems) {
+            if (item.getId() == id) {
+                return item;
             }
         }
+        return null;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1710,7 +3167,32 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
         int x = 0;
         for (TMenu menu: menus) {
             menu.setX(x);
-            x += menu.getTitle().length() + 2;
+            menu.setTitleX(x);
+            x += StringUtils.width(menu.getTitle()) + 2;
+
+            // Don't let the menu window exceed the screen width
+            int rightEdge = menu.getX() + menu.getWidth();
+            if (rightEdge > getScreen().getWidth()) {
+                menu.setX(getScreen().getWidth() - menu.getWidth());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Post an event to process.
+     *
+     * @param event new event to add to the queue
+     */
+    public final void postEvent(final TInputEvent event) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            synchronized (fillEventQueue) {
+                fillEventQueue.add(event);
+            }
+            if (debugThreads) {
+                System.err.println(System.currentTimeMillis() + " " +
+                    Thread.currentThread() + " postEvent() wake up main");
+            }
+            this.notify();
         }
     }
 
@@ -1720,10 +3202,17 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
      * @param event new event to add to the queue
      */
     public final void postMenuEvent(final TInputEvent event) {
-        synchronized (fillEventQueue) {
-            fillEventQueue.add(event);
+        synchronized (this) {
+            synchronized (fillEventQueue) {
+                fillEventQueue.add(event);
+            }
+            if (debugThreads) {
+                System.err.println(System.currentTimeMillis() + " " +
+                    Thread.currentThread() + " postMenuEvent() wake up main");
+            }
+            closeMenu();
+            this.notify();
         }
-        closeMenu();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1750,20 +3239,35 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
         return menu;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to add a default tools (hamburger) menu.
+     *
+     * @return the new menu
+     */
+    public final TMenu addToolMenu() {
+        TMenu toolMenu = addMenu(i18n.getString("toolMenuTitle"));
+        toolMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_REPAINT);
+        toolMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_VIEW_IMAGE);
+        toolMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_SCREEN_OPTIONS);
+        TStatusBar toolStatusBar = toolMenu.newStatusBar(i18n.
+            getString("toolMenuStatus"));
+        toolStatusBar.addShortcutKeypress(kbF1, cmHelp, i18n.getString("Help"));
+        return toolMenu;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Convenience function to add a default "File" menu.
      *
      * @return the new menu
      */
     public final TMenu addFileMenu() {
-        TMenu fileMenu = addMenu("&File");
-        fileMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_OPEN_FILE);
-        fileMenu.addSeparator();
+        TMenu fileMenu = addMenu(i18n.getString("fileMenuTitle"));
         fileMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_SHELL);
+        fileMenu.addSeparator();
         fileMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_EXIT);
-        TStatusBar statusBar = fileMenu.newStatusBar("File-management " +
-            "commands (Open, Save, Print, etc.)");
-        statusBar.addShortcutKeypress(kbF1, cmHelp, "Help");
+        TStatusBar statusBar = fileMenu.newStatusBar(i18n.
+            getString("fileMenuStatus"));
+        statusBar.addShortcutKeypress(kbF1, cmHelp, i18n.getString("Help"));
         return fileMenu;
     }
 
@@ -1773,174 +3277,116 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
      * @return the new menu
      */
     public final TMenu addEditMenu() {
-        TMenu editMenu = addMenu("&Edit");
+        TMenu editMenu = addMenu(i18n.getString("editMenuTitle"));
         editMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_CUT);
         editMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_COPY);
-        editMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_PASTE);
-        editMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_CLEAR);
-        TStatusBar statusBar = editMenu.newStatusBar("Editor operations, " +
-            "undo, and Clipboard access");
-        statusBar.addShortcutKeypress(kbF1, cmHelp, "Help");
-        return editMenu;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Convenience function to add a default "Window" menu.
-     *
-     * @return the new menu
-     */
-    public final TMenu addWindowMenu() {
-        TMenu windowMenu = addMenu("&Window");
-        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TILE);
-        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_CASCADE);
-        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_CLOSE_ALL);
-        windowMenu.addSeparator();
-        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_WINDOW_MOVE);
-        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_WINDOW_ZOOM);
-        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_WINDOW_NEXT);
-        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_WINDOW_PREVIOUS);
-        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_WINDOW_CLOSE);
-        TStatusBar statusBar = windowMenu.newStatusBar("Open, arrange, and " +
-            "list windows");
-        statusBar.addShortcutKeypress(kbF1, cmHelp, "Help");
-        return windowMenu;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Convenience function to add a default "Help" menu.
-     *
-     * @return the new menu
-     */
-    public final TMenu addHelpMenu() {
-        TMenu helpMenu = addMenu("&Help");
-        helpMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_HELP_CONTENTS);
-        helpMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_HELP_INDEX);
-        helpMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_HELP_SEARCH);
-        helpMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_HELP_PREVIOUS);
-        helpMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_HELP_HELP);
-        helpMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_HELP_ACTIVE_FILE);
-        helpMenu.addSeparator();
-        helpMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_ABOUT);
-        TStatusBar statusBar = helpMenu.newStatusBar("Access online help");
-        statusBar.addShortcutKeypress(kbF1, cmHelp, "Help");
-        return helpMenu;
-    }
-
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Event handlers ---------------------------------------------------------
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    /**
-     * Method that TApplication subclasses can override to handle menu or
-     * posted command events.
-     *
-     * @param command command event
-     * @return if true, this event was consumed
-     */
-    protected boolean onCommand(final TCommandEvent command) {
-        // Default: handle cmExit
-        if (command.equals(cmExit)) {
-            if (messageBox("Confirmation", "Exit application?",
-                    TMessageBox.Type.YESNO).getResult() == TMessageBox.Result.YES) {
-                quit = true;
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if (command.equals(cmShell)) {
-            openTerminal(0, 0, TWindow.RESIZABLE);
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if (command.equals(cmTile)) {
-            tileWindows();
-            return true;
-        }
-        if (command.equals(cmCascade)) {
-            cascadeWindows();
-            return true;
-        }
-        if (command.equals(cmCloseAll)) {
-            closeAllWindows();
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        return false;
+        editMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_PASTE);
+        editMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_CLEAR);
+        TStatusBar statusBar = editMenu.newStatusBar(i18n.
+            getString("editMenuStatus"));
+        statusBar.addShortcutKeypress(kbF1, cmHelp, i18n.getString("Help"));
+        return editMenu;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Method that TApplication subclasses can override to handle menu
-     * events.
+     * Convenience function to add a default "Window" menu.
      *
-     * @param menu menu event
-     * @return if true, this event was consumed
+     * @return the new menu
      */
-    protected boolean onMenu(final TMenuEvent menu) {
-
-        // Default: handle MID_EXIT
-        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_EXIT) {
-            if (messageBox("Confirmation", "Exit application?",
-                    TMessageBox.Type.YESNO).getResult() == TMessageBox.Result.YES) {
-                quit = true;
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_SHELL) {
-            openTerminal(0, 0, TWindow.RESIZABLE);
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_TILE) {
-            tileWindows();
-            return true;
-        }
-        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_CASCADE) {
-            cascadeWindows();
-            return true;
-        }
-        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_CLOSE_ALL) {
-            closeAllWindows();
-            return true;
-        }
-        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_ABOUT) {
-            showAboutDialog();
-            return true;
-        }
-        return false;
+    public final TMenu addWindowMenu() {
+        TMenu windowMenu = addMenu(i18n.getString("windowMenuTitle"));
+        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TILE);
+        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_CASCADE);
+        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_CLOSE_ALL);
+        windowMenu.addSeparator();
+        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_WINDOW_MOVE);
+        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_WINDOW_ZOOM);
+        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_WINDOW_NEXT);
+        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_WINDOW_PREVIOUS);
+        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_WINDOW_CLOSE);
+        TStatusBar statusBar = windowMenu.newStatusBar(i18n.
+            getString("windowMenuStatus"));
+        statusBar.addShortcutKeypress(kbF1, cmHelp, i18n.getString("Help"));
+        return windowMenu;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Method that TApplication subclasses can override to handle keystrokes.
+     * Convenience function to add a default "Help" menu.
      *
-     * @param keypress keystroke event
-     * @return if true, this event was consumed
+     * @return the new menu
      */
-    protected boolean onKeypress(final TKeypressEvent keypress) {
-        // Default: only menu shortcuts
-
-        // Process Alt-F, Alt-E, etc. menu shortcut keys
-        if (!keypress.getKey().isFnKey()
-            && keypress.getKey().isAlt()
-            && !keypress.getKey().isCtrl()
-            && (activeMenu == null)
-            && !modalWindowActive()
-        ) {
-
-            assert (subMenus.size() == 0);
-
-            for (TMenu menu: menus) {
-                if (Character.toLowerCase(menu.getMnemonic().getShortcut())
-                    == Character.toLowerCase(keypress.getKey().getChar())
-                ) {
-                    activeMenu = menu;
-                    menu.setActive(true);
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
+    public final TMenu addHelpMenu() {
+        TMenu helpMenu = addMenu(i18n.getString("helpMenuTitle"));
+        helpMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_HELP_CONTENTS);
+        helpMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_HELP_INDEX);
+        helpMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_HELP_SEARCH);
+        helpMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_HELP_PREVIOUS);
+        helpMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_HELP_HELP);
+        helpMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_HELP_ACTIVE_FILE);
+        helpMenu.addSeparator();
+        helpMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_ABOUT);
+        TStatusBar statusBar = helpMenu.newStatusBar(i18n.
+            getString("helpMenuStatus"));
+        statusBar.addShortcutKeypress(kbF1, cmHelp, i18n.getString("Help"));
+        return helpMenu;
+    }
 
-        return false;
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to add a default "Table" menu.
+     *
+     * @return the new menu
+     */
+    public final TMenu addTableMenu() {
+        TMenu tableMenu = addMenu(i18n.getString("tableMenuTitle"));
+        tableMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_RENAME_COLUMN, false);
+        tableMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_RENAME_ROW, false);
+        tableMenu.addSeparator();
+
+        TSubMenu viewMenu = tableMenu.addSubMenu(i18n.
+            getString("tableSubMenuView"));
+        viewMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_VIEW_ROW_LABELS, false);
+        viewMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_VIEW_COLUMN_LABELS, false);
+        viewMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_VIEW_HIGHLIGHT_ROW, false);
+        viewMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_VIEW_HIGHLIGHT_COLUMN, false);
+
+        TSubMenu borderMenu = tableMenu.addSubMenu(i18n.
+            getString("tableSubMenuBorders"));
+        borderMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_BORDER_NONE, false);
+        borderMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_BORDER_ALL, false);
+        borderMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_BORDER_CELL_NONE, false);
+        borderMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_BORDER_CELL_ALL, false);
+        borderMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_BORDER_RIGHT, false);
+        borderMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_BORDER_LEFT, false);
+        borderMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_BORDER_TOP, false);
+        borderMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_BORDER_BOTTOM, false);
+        borderMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_BORDER_DOUBLE_BOTTOM, false);
+        borderMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_BORDER_THICK_BOTTOM, false);
+        TSubMenu deleteMenu = tableMenu.addSubMenu(i18n.
+            getString("tableSubMenuDelete"));
+        deleteMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_DELETE_LEFT, false);
+        deleteMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_DELETE_UP, false);
+        deleteMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_DELETE_ROW, false);
+        deleteMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_DELETE_COLUMN, false);
+        TSubMenu insertMenu = tableMenu.addSubMenu(i18n.
+            getString("tableSubMenuInsert"));
+        insertMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_INSERT_LEFT, false);
+        insertMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_INSERT_RIGHT, false);
+        insertMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_INSERT_ABOVE, false);
+        insertMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_INSERT_BELOW, false);
+        TSubMenu columnMenu = tableMenu.addSubMenu(i18n.
+            getString("tableSubMenuColumn"));
+        columnMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_COLUMN_NARROW, false);
+        columnMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_COLUMN_WIDEN, false);
+        TSubMenu fileMenu = tableMenu.addSubMenu(i18n.
+            getString("tableSubMenuFile"));
+        fileMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_FILE_OPEN_CSV, false);
+        fileMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_FILE_SAVE_CSV, false);
+        fileMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TABLE_FILE_SAVE_TEXT, false);
+
+        TStatusBar statusBar = tableMenu.newStatusBar(i18n.
+            getString("tableMenuStatus"));
+        statusBar.addShortcutKeypress(kbF1, cmHelp, i18n.getString("Help"));
+        return tableMenu;
     }
 
     // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1957,17 +3403,21 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
         Date now = new Date();
         long nowTime = now.getTime();
         long sleepTime = timeout;
-        for (TTimer timer: timers) {
-            long nextTickTime = timer.getNextTick().getTime();
-            if (nextTickTime < nowTime) {
-                return 0;
-            }
 
-            long timeDifference = nextTickTime - nowTime;
-            if (timeDifference < sleepTime) {
-                sleepTime = timeDifference;
+        synchronized (timers) {
+            for (TTimer timer: timers) {
+                long nextTickTime = timer.getNextTick().getTime();
+                if (nextTickTime < nowTime) {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+
+                long timeDifference = nextTickTime - nowTime;
+                if (timeDifference < sleepTime) {
+                    sleepTime = timeDifference;
+                }
             }
         }
+
         assert (sleepTime >= 0);
         assert (sleepTime <= timeout);
         return sleepTime;
@@ -2064,6 +3514,22 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
         return new TInputBox(this, title, caption, text);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to spawn an input box.
+     *
+     * @param title window title, will be centered along the top border
+     * @param caption message to display.  Use embedded newlines to get a
+     * multi-line box.
+     * @param text initial text to seed the field with
+     * @param type one of the Type constants.  Default is Type.OK.
+     * @return the new input box
+     */
+    public final TInputBox inputBox(final String title, final String caption,
+        final String text, final TInputBox.Type type) {
+
+        return new TInputBox(this, title, caption, text, type);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Convenience function to open a terminal window.
      *
@@ -2075,6 +3541,20 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
         return openTerminal(x, y, TWindow.RESIZABLE);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to open a terminal window.
+     *
+     * @param x column relative to parent
+     * @param y row relative to parent
+     * @param closeOnExit if true, close the window when the command exits
+     * @return the terminal new window
+     */
+    public final TTerminalWindow openTerminal(final int x, final int y,
+        final boolean closeOnExit) {
+
+        return openTerminal(x, y, TWindow.RESIZABLE, closeOnExit);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Convenience function to open a terminal window.
      *
@@ -2089,6 +3569,119 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
         return new TTerminalWindow(this, x, y, flags);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to open a terminal window.
+     *
+     * @param x column relative to parent
+     * @param y row relative to parent
+     * @param flags mask of CENTERED, MODAL, or RESIZABLE
+     * @param closeOnExit if true, close the window when the command exits
+     * @return the terminal new window
+     */
+    public final TTerminalWindow openTerminal(final int x, final int y,
+        final int flags, final boolean closeOnExit) {
+
+        return new TTerminalWindow(this, x, y, flags, closeOnExit);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to open a terminal window and execute a custom
+     * command line inside it.
+     *
+     * @param x column relative to parent
+     * @param y row relative to parent
+     * @param commandLine the command line to execute
+     * @return the terminal new window
+     */
+    public final TTerminalWindow openTerminal(final int x, final int y,
+        final String commandLine) {
+
+        return openTerminal(x, y, TWindow.RESIZABLE, commandLine);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to open a terminal window and execute a custom
+     * command line inside it.
+     *
+     * @param x column relative to parent
+     * @param y row relative to parent
+     * @param commandLine the command line to execute
+     * @param closeOnExit if true, close the window when the command exits
+     * @return the terminal new window
+     */
+    public final TTerminalWindow openTerminal(final int x, final int y,
+        final String commandLine, final boolean closeOnExit) {
+
+        return openTerminal(x, y, TWindow.RESIZABLE, commandLine, closeOnExit);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to open a terminal window and execute a custom
+     * command line inside it.
+     *
+     * @param x column relative to parent
+     * @param y row relative to parent
+     * @param flags mask of CENTERED, MODAL, or RESIZABLE
+     * @param command the command line to execute
+     * @return the terminal new window
+     */
+    public final TTerminalWindow openTerminal(final int x, final int y,
+        final int flags, final String [] command) {
+
+        return new TTerminalWindow(this, x, y, flags, command);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to open a terminal window and execute a custom
+     * command line inside it.
+     *
+     * @param x column relative to parent
+     * @param y row relative to parent
+     * @param flags mask of CENTERED, MODAL, or RESIZABLE
+     * @param command the command line to execute
+     * @param closeOnExit if true, close the window when the command exits
+     * @return the terminal new window
+     */
+    public final TTerminalWindow openTerminal(final int x, final int y,
+        final int flags, final String [] command, final boolean closeOnExit) {
+
+        return new TTerminalWindow(this, x, y, flags, command, closeOnExit);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to open a terminal window and execute a custom
+     * command line inside it.
+     *
+     * @param x column relative to parent
+     * @param y row relative to parent
+     * @param flags mask of CENTERED, MODAL, or RESIZABLE
+     * @param commandLine the command line to execute
+     * @return the terminal new window
+     */
+    public final TTerminalWindow openTerminal(final int x, final int y,
+        final int flags, final String commandLine) {
+
+        return new TTerminalWindow(this, x, y, flags, commandLine.split("\\s+"));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to open a terminal window and execute a custom
+     * command line inside it.
+     *
+     * @param x column relative to parent
+     * @param y row relative to parent
+     * @param flags mask of CENTERED, MODAL, or RESIZABLE
+     * @param commandLine the command line to execute
+     * @param closeOnExit if true, close the window when the command exits
+     * @return the terminal new window
+     */
+    public final TTerminalWindow openTerminal(final int x, final int y,
+        final int flags, final String commandLine, final boolean closeOnExit) {
+
+        return new TTerminalWindow(this, x, y, flags, commandLine.split("\\s+"),
+            closeOnExit);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Convenience function to spawn an file open box.
      *
@@ -2117,4 +3710,109 @@ public class TApplication implements Runnable {
         return box.getFilename();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to spawn a file open box.
+     *
+     * @param path path of selected file
+     * @param type one of the Type constants
+     * @param filter a string that files must match to be displayed
+     * @return the result of the new file open box
+     * @throws IOException of a java.io operation throws
+     */
+    public final String fileOpenBox(final String path,
+        final TFileOpenBox.Type type, final String filter) throws IOException {
+
+        ArrayList<String> filters = new ArrayList<String>();
+        filters.add(filter);
+
+        TFileOpenBox box = new TFileOpenBox(this, path, type, filters);
+        return box.getFilename();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to spawn a file open box.
+     *
+     * @param path path of selected file
+     * @param type one of the Type constants
+     * @param filters a list of strings that files must match to be displayed
+     * @return the result of the new file open box
+     * @throws IOException of a java.io operation throws
+     */
+    public final String fileOpenBox(final String path,
+        final TFileOpenBox.Type type,
+        final List<String> filters) throws IOException {
+
+        TFileOpenBox box = new TFileOpenBox(this, path, type, filters);
+        return box.getFilename();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to create a new window and make it active.
+     * Window will be located at (0, 0).
+     *
+     * @param title window title, will be centered along the top border
+     * @param width width of window
+     * @param height height of window
+     * @return the new window
+     */
+    public final TWindow addWindow(final String title, final int width,
+        final int height) {
+
+        TWindow window = new TWindow(this, title, 0, 0, width, height);
+        return window;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to create a new window and make it active.
+     * Window will be located at (0, 0).
+     *
+     * @param title window title, will be centered along the top border
+     * @param width width of window
+     * @param height height of window
+     * @param flags bitmask of RESIZABLE, CENTERED, or MODAL
+     * @return the new window
+     */
+    public final TWindow addWindow(final String title,
+        final int width, final int height, final int flags) {
+
+        TWindow window = new TWindow(this, title, 0, 0, width, height, flags);
+        return window;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to create a new window and make it active.
+     *
+     * @param title window title, will be centered along the top border
+     * @param x column relative to parent
+     * @param y row relative to parent
+     * @param width width of window
+     * @param height height of window
+     * @return the new window
+     */
+    public final TWindow addWindow(final String title,
+        final int x, final int y, final int width, final int height) {
+
+        TWindow window = new TWindow(this, title, x, y, width, height);
+        return window;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to create a new window and make it active.
+     *
+     * @param title window title, will be centered along the top border
+     * @param x column relative to parent
+     * @param y row relative to parent
+     * @param width width of window
+     * @param height height of window
+     * @param flags mask of RESIZABLE, CENTERED, or MODAL
+     * @return the new window
+     */
+    public final TWindow addWindow(final String title,
+        final int x, final int y, final int width, final int height,
+        final int flags) {
+
+        TWindow window = new TWindow(this, title, x, y, width, height, flags);
+        return window;
+    }
+
 }