LICENSE CHANGED TO MIT
[nikiroo-utils.git] / src / jexer / TApplication.java
index 52bd4356134d9083bddd02e49c40baf96aeecdf5..f4cf2d5cb7a54a800c421e21b854b8552247725a 100644 (file)
@@ -1,42 +1,44 @@
-/**
- * Jexer - Java Text User Interface - demonstration program
- *
- * Version: $Id$
+/*
+ * Jexer - Java Text User Interface
  *
- * Author: Kevin Lamonte, <a href="mailto:kevin.lamonte@gmail.com">kevin.lamonte@gmail.com</a>
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * License: LGPLv3 or later
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 Kevin Lamonte
  *
- * Copyright: This module is licensed under the GNU Lesser General
- * Public License Version 3.  Please see the file "COPYING" in this
- * directory for more information about the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License Version 3.
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+ * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+ * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+ * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+ * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+ * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  *
- *     Copyright (C) 2015  Kevin Lamonte
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
- * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of
- * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+ * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
- * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
- * General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License along with this program; if not, see
- * http://www.gnu.org/licenses/, or write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
- * 02110-1301 USA
+ * @author Kevin Lamonte [kevin.lamonte@gmail.com]
+ * @version 1
  */
 package jexer;
 
 import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 import jexer.bits.CellAttributes;
 import jexer.bits.ColorTheme;
@@ -44,71 +46,487 @@ import jexer.bits.GraphicsChars;
 import jexer.event.TCommandEvent;
 import jexer.event.TInputEvent;
 import jexer.event.TKeypressEvent;
+import jexer.event.TMenuEvent;
 import jexer.event.TMouseEvent;
 import jexer.event.TResizeEvent;
 import jexer.backend.Backend;
+import jexer.backend.SwingBackend;
 import jexer.backend.ECMA48Backend;
+import jexer.io.Screen;
+import jexer.menu.TMenu;
+import jexer.menu.TMenuItem;
 import static jexer.TCommand.*;
-import static jexer.TKeypress.*;
 
 /**
  * TApplication sets up a full Text User Interface application.
  */
-public class TApplication {
+public class TApplication implements Runnable {
+
+    /**
+     * If true, emit thread stuff to System.err.
+     */
+    private static final boolean debugThreads = false;
+
+    /**
+     * If true, emit events being processed to System.err.
+     */
+    private static final boolean debugEvents = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Two backend types are available.
+     */
+    public static enum BackendType {
+        /**
+         * A Swing JFrame.
+         */
+        SWING,
+
+        /**
+         * An ECMA48 / ANSI X3.64 / XTERM style terminal.
+         */
+        ECMA48,
+
+        /**
+         * Synonym for ECMA48.
+         */
+        XTERM
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * WidgetEventHandler is the main event consumer loop.  There are at most
+     * two such threads in existence: the primary for normal case and a
+     * secondary that is used for TMessageBox, TInputBox, and similar.
+     */
+    private class WidgetEventHandler implements Runnable {
+        /**
+         * The main application.
+         */
+        private TApplication application;
+
+        /**
+         * Whether or not this WidgetEventHandler is the primary or secondary
+         * thread.
+         */
+        private boolean primary = true;
+
+        /**
+         * Public constructor.
+         *
+         * @param application the main application
+         * @param primary if true, this is the primary event handler thread
+         */
+        public WidgetEventHandler(final TApplication application,
+            final boolean primary) {
+
+            this.application = application;
+            this.primary = primary;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * The consumer loop.
+         */
+        public void run() {
+
+            // Loop forever
+            while (!application.quit) {
+
+                // Wait until application notifies me
+                while (!application.quit) {
+                    try {
+                        synchronized (application.drainEventQueue) {
+                            if (application.drainEventQueue.size() > 0) {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        synchronized (this) {
+                            if (debugThreads) {
+                                System.err.printf("%s %s sleep\n", this,
+                                    primary ? "primary" : "secondary");
+                            }
+
+                            this.wait();
+
+                            if (debugThreads) {
+                                System.err.printf("%s %s AWAKE\n", this,
+                                    primary ? "primary" : "secondary");
+                            }
+
+                            if ((!primary)
+                                && (application.secondaryEventReceiver == null)
+                            ) {
+                                // Secondary thread, emergency exit.  If we
+                                // got here then something went wrong with
+                                // the handoff between yield() and
+                                // closeWindow().
+                                synchronized (application.primaryEventHandler) {
+                                    application.primaryEventHandler.notify();
+                                }
+                                application.secondaryEventHandler = null;
+                                throw new RuntimeException(
+                                        "secondary exited at wrong time");
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                        // SQUASH
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Wait for drawAll() or doIdle() to be done, then handle the
+                // events.
+                boolean oldLock = lockHandleEvent();
+                assert (oldLock == false);
+
+                // Pull all events off the queue
+                for (;;) {
+                    TInputEvent event = null;
+                    synchronized (application.drainEventQueue) {
+                        if (application.drainEventQueue.size() == 0) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        event = application.drainEventQueue.remove(0);
+                    }
+                    application.repaint = true;
+                    if (primary) {
+                        primaryHandleEvent(event);
+                    } else {
+                        secondaryHandleEvent(event);
+                    }
+                    if ((!primary)
+                        && (application.secondaryEventReceiver == null)
+                    ) {
+                        // Secondary thread, time to exit.
+
+                        // DO NOT UNLOCK.  Primary thread just came back from
+                        // primaryHandleEvent() and will unlock in the else
+                        // block below.  Just wake it up.
+                        synchronized (application.primaryEventHandler) {
+                            application.primaryEventHandler.notify();
+                        }
+                        // Now eliminate my reference so that
+                        // wakeEventHandler() resumes working on the primary.
+                        application.secondaryEventHandler = null;
+
+                        // All done!
+                        return;
+                    }
+                } // for (;;)
+
+                // Unlock.  Either I am primary thread, or I am secondary
+                // thread and still running.
+                oldLock = unlockHandleEvent();
+                assert (oldLock == true);
+
+                // I have done some work of some kind.  Tell the main run()
+                // loop to wake up now.
+                synchronized (application) {
+                    application.notify();
+                }
+
+            } // while (true) (main runnable loop)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The primary event handler thread.
+     */
+    private volatile WidgetEventHandler primaryEventHandler;
+
+    /**
+     * The secondary event handler thread.
+     */
+    private volatile WidgetEventHandler secondaryEventHandler;
+
+    /**
+     * The widget receiving events from the secondary event handler thread.
+     */
+    private volatile TWidget secondaryEventReceiver;
+
+    /**
+     * Spinlock for the primary and secondary event handlers.
+     * WidgetEventHandler.run() is responsible for setting this value.
+     */
+    private volatile boolean insideHandleEvent = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Wake the sleeping active event handler.
+     */
+    private void wakeEventHandler() {
+        if (secondaryEventHandler != null) {
+            synchronized (secondaryEventHandler) {
+                secondaryEventHandler.notify();
+            }
+        } else {
+            assert (primaryEventHandler != null);
+            synchronized (primaryEventHandler) {
+                primaryEventHandler.notify();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the insideHandleEvent flag to true.  lockoutEventHandlers() will
+     * spin indefinitely until unlockHandleEvent() is called.
+     *
+     * @return the old value of insideHandleEvent
+     */
+    private boolean lockHandleEvent() {
+        if (debugThreads) {
+            System.err.printf("  >> lockHandleEvent(): oldValue %s",
+                insideHandleEvent);
+        }
+        boolean oldValue = true;
+
+        synchronized (this) {
+            // Wait for TApplication.run() to finish using the global state
+            // before allowing further event processing.
+            while (lockoutHandleEvent == true) {
+                try {
+                    // Backoff so that the backend can finish its work.
+                    Thread.sleep(5);
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    // SQUASH
+                }
+            }
+
+            oldValue = insideHandleEvent;
+            insideHandleEvent = true;
+        }
+
+        if (debugThreads) {
+            System.err.printf(" ***\n");
+        }
+        return oldValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the insideHandleEvent flag to false.  lockoutEventHandlers() will
+     * spin indefinitely until unlockHandleEvent() is called.
+     *
+     * @return the old value of insideHandleEvent
+     */
+    private boolean unlockHandleEvent() {
+        if (debugThreads) {
+            System.err.printf("  << unlockHandleEvent(): oldValue %s\n",
+                insideHandleEvent);
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            boolean oldValue = insideHandleEvent;
+            insideHandleEvent = false;
+            return oldValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Spinlock for the primary and secondary event handlers.  When true, the
+     * event handlers will spinlock wait before calling handleEvent().
+     */
+    private volatile boolean lockoutHandleEvent = false;
+
+    /**
+     * TApplication.run() needs to be able rely on the global data structures
+     * being intact when calling doIdle() and drawAll().  Tell the event
+     * handlers to wait for an unlock before handling their events.
+     */
+    private void stopEventHandlers() {
+        if (debugThreads) {
+            System.err.printf(">> stopEventHandlers()");
+        }
+
+        lockoutHandleEvent = true;
+        // Wait for the last event to finish processing before returning
+        // control to TApplication.run().
+        while (insideHandleEvent == true) {
+            try {
+                // Backoff so that the event handler can finish its work.
+                Thread.sleep(1);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                // SQUASH
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (debugThreads) {
+            System.err.printf(" XXX\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * TApplication.run() needs to be able rely on the global data structures
+     * being intact when calling doIdle() and drawAll().  Tell the event
+     * handlers that it is now OK to handle their events.
+     */
+    private void startEventHandlers() {
+        if (debugThreads) {
+            System.err.printf("<< startEventHandlers()\n");
+        }
+        lockoutHandleEvent = false;
+    }
 
     /**
      * Access to the physical screen, keyboard, and mouse.
      */
-    public Backend backend;
+    private Backend backend;
 
     /**
-     * Actual mouse coordinate X
+     * Get the Screen.
+     *
+     * @return the Screen
+     */
+    public final Screen getScreen() {
+        return backend.getScreen();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Actual mouse coordinate X.
      */
     private int mouseX;
 
     /**
-     * Actual mouse coordinate Y
+     * Actual mouse coordinate Y.
      */
     private int mouseY;
 
     /**
-     * Event queue that will be drained by either primary or secondary Fiber
+     * Old version of mouse coordinate X.
      */
-    private List<TInputEvent> eventQueue;
+    private int oldMouseX;
+
+    /**
+     * Old version mouse coordinate Y.
+     */
+    private int oldMouseY;
+
+    /**
+     * Event queue that is filled by run().
+     */
+    private List<TInputEvent> fillEventQueue;
+
+    /**
+     * Event queue that will be drained by either primary or secondary
+     * Thread.
+     */
+    private List<TInputEvent> drainEventQueue;
+
+    /**
+     * Top-level menus in this application.
+     */
+    private List<TMenu> menus;
+
+    /**
+     * Stack of activated sub-menus in this application.
+     */
+    private List<TMenu> subMenus;
+
+    /**
+     * The currently acive menu.
+     */
+    private TMenu activeMenu = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Active keyboard accelerators.
+     */
+    private Map<TKeypress, TMenuItem> accelerators;
+
+    /**
+     * All menu items.
+     */
+    private List<TMenuItem> menuItems;
 
     /**
      * Windows and widgets pull colors from this ColorTheme.
      */
-    public ColorTheme theme;
+    private ColorTheme theme;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the color theme.
+     *
+     * @return the theme
+     */
+    public final ColorTheme getTheme() {
+        return theme;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The top-level windows (but not menus).
+     */
+    private List<TWindow> windows;
+
+    /**
+     * Timers that are being ticked.
+     */
+    private List<TTimer> timers;
 
     /**
      * When true, exit the application.
      */
-    public boolean quit = false;
+    private volatile boolean quit = false;
 
     /**
      * When true, repaint the entire screen.
      */
-    public boolean repaint = true;
+    private volatile boolean repaint = true;
 
     /**
-     * When true, just flush updates from the screen.
+     * Y coordinate of the top edge of the desktop.  For now this is a
+     * constant.  Someday it would be nice to have a multi-line menu or
+     * toolbars.
      */
-    public boolean flush = false;
+    private static final int desktopTop = 1;
 
     /**
-     * Y coordinate of the top edge of the desktop.
+     * Get Y coordinate of the top edge of the desktop.
+     *
+     * @return Y coordinate of the top edge of the desktop
      */
-    static public final int desktopTop = 1;
+    public final int getDesktopTop() {
+        return desktopTop;
+    }
 
     /**
      * Y coordinate of the bottom edge of the desktop.
      */
-    public int desktopBottom;
+    private int desktopBottom;
+
+    /**
+     * Get Y coordinate of the bottom edge of the desktop.
+     *
+     * @return Y coordinate of the bottom edge of the desktop
+     */
+    public final int getDesktopBottom() {
+        return desktopBottom;
+    }
 
     /**
      * Public constructor.
      *
+     * @param backendType BackendType.XTERM, BackendType.ECMA48 or
+     * BackendType.SWING
+     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException if an exception is thrown when
+     * creating the InputStreamReader
+     */
+    public TApplication(final BackendType backendType)
+        throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+
+        switch (backendType) {
+        case SWING:
+            backend = new SwingBackend(this);
+            break;
+        case XTERM:
+            // Fall through...
+        case ECMA48:
+            backend = new ECMA48Backend(this, null, null);
+            break;
+        default:
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid backend type: "
+                + backendType);
+        }
+        TApplicationImpl();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Public constructor.  The backend type will be BackendType.ECMA48.
+     *
      * @param input an InputStream connected to the remote user, or null for
      * System.in.  If System.in is used, then on non-Windows systems it will
      * be put in raw mode; shutdown() will (blindly!) put System.in in cooked
@@ -116,325 +534,1400 @@ public class TApplication {
      * @param output an OutputStream connected to the remote user, or null
      * for System.out.  output is always converted to a Writer with UTF-8
      * encoding.
+     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException if an exception is thrown when
+     * creating the InputStreamReader
      */
-    public TApplication(InputStream input, OutputStream output) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    public TApplication(final InputStream input,
+        final OutputStream output) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+
+        backend = new ECMA48Backend(this, input, output);
+        TApplicationImpl();
+    }
 
-       backend       = new ECMA48Backend(input, output);
-       theme         = new ColorTheme();
-       desktopBottom = backend.screen.getHeight() - 1;
-       eventQueue    = new LinkedList<TInputEvent>();
+    /**
+     * Public constructor.  This hook enables use with new non-Jexer
+     * backends.
+     *
+     * @param backend a Backend that is already ready to go.
+     */
+    public TApplication(final Backend backend) {
+        this.backend = backend;
+        TApplicationImpl();
     }
 
     /**
-     * Invert the cell at the mouse pointer position.
+     * Finish construction once the backend is set.
      */
-    private void drawMouse() {
-       CellAttributes attr = backend.screen.getAttrXY(mouseX, mouseY);
-       attr.foreColor = attr.foreColor.invert();
-       attr.backColor = attr.backColor.invert();
-       backend.screen.putAttrXY(mouseX, mouseY, attr, false);
-       flush = true;
+    private void TApplicationImpl() {
+        theme           = new ColorTheme();
+        desktopBottom   = getScreen().getHeight() - 1;
+        fillEventQueue  = new ArrayList<TInputEvent>();
+        drainEventQueue = new ArrayList<TInputEvent>();
+        windows         = new LinkedList<TWindow>();
+        menus           = new LinkedList<TMenu>();
+        subMenus        = new LinkedList<TMenu>();
+        timers          = new LinkedList<TTimer>();
+        accelerators    = new HashMap<TKeypress, TMenuItem>();
+        menuItems       = new ArrayList<TMenuItem>();
 
-       /*
-       if (windows.length == 0) {
-           repaint = true;
-       }
-        */
-       // TODO: remove this repaint after the above if (windows.length == 0)
-       // can be used again.
-       repaint = true;
+        // Setup the main consumer thread
+        primaryEventHandler = new WidgetEventHandler(this, true);
+        (new Thread(primaryEventHandler)).start();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invert the cell color at a position.  This is used to track the mouse.
+     *
+     * @param x column position
+     * @param y row position
+     */
+    private void invertCell(final int x, final int y) {
+        synchronized (getScreen()) {
+            CellAttributes attr = getScreen().getAttrXY(x, y);
+            attr.setForeColor(attr.getForeColor().invert());
+            attr.setBackColor(attr.getBackColor().invert());
+            getScreen().putAttrXY(x, y, attr, false);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
      * Draw everything.
      */
-    final public void drawAll() {
-       if ((flush) && (!repaint)) {
-           backend.flushScreen();
-           flush = false;
-           return;
-       }
-
-       if (!repaint) {
-           return;
-       }
-
-       // If true, the cursor is not visible
-       boolean cursor = false;
-
-       // Start with a clean screen
-       backend.screen.clear();
-
-       // Draw the background
-       CellAttributes background = theme.getColor("tapplication.background");
-       backend.screen.putAll(GraphicsChars.HATCH, background);
-
-       /*
-       // Draw each window in reverse Z order
-       TWindow [] sorted = windows.dup;
-       sorted.sort.reverse;
-       foreach (w; sorted) {
-           w.drawChildren();
-       }
-
-       // Draw the blank menubar line - reset the screen clipping first so
-       // it won't trim it out.
-       backend.screen.resetClipping();
-       backend.screen.hLineXY(0, 0, backend.screen.getWidth(), ' ',
-           theme.getColor("tmenu"));
-       // Now draw the menus.
-       int x = 1;
-       foreach (m; menus) {
-           CellAttributes menuColor;
-           CellAttributes menuMnemonicColor;
-           if (m.active) {
-               menuColor = theme.getColor("tmenu.highlighted");
-               menuMnemonicColor = theme.getColor("tmenu.mnemonic.highlighted");
-           } else {
-               menuColor = theme.getColor("tmenu");
-               menuMnemonicColor = theme.getColor("tmenu.mnemonic");
-           }
-           // Draw the menu title
-           backend.screen.hLineXY(x, 0, cast(int)m.title.length + 2, ' ',
-               menuColor);
-           backend.screen.putStrXY(x + 1, 0, m.title, menuColor);
-           // Draw the highlight character
-           backend.screen.putCharXY(x + 1 + m.mnemonic.shortcutIdx, 0,
-               m.mnemonic.shortcut, menuMnemonicColor);
-
-           if (m.active) {
-               m.drawChildren();
-               // Reset the screen clipping so we can draw the next title.
-               backend.screen.resetClipping();
-           }
-           x += m.title.length + 2;
-       }
-
-       foreach (m; subMenus) {
-           // Reset the screen clipping so we can draw the next sub-menu.
-           backend.screen.resetClipping();
-           m.drawChildren();
-       }
-        */
-
-       // Draw the mouse pointer
-       drawMouse();
-
-       /*
-       // Place the cursor if it is visible
-       TWidget activeWidget = null;
-       if (sorted.length > 0) {
-           activeWidget = sorted[$ - 1].getActiveChild();
-           if (activeWidget.hasCursor) {
-               backend.screen.putCursor(true, activeWidget.getCursorAbsoluteX(),
-                   activeWidget.getCursorAbsoluteY());
-               cursor = true;
-           }
-       }
-
-       // Kill the cursor
-       if (cursor == false) {
-           backend.screen.hideCursor();
-       }
-        */
-
-       // Flush the screen contents
-       backend.flushScreen();
-
-       repaint = false;
-       flush = false;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Run this application until it exits, using stdin and stdout
-     */
-    public final void run() {
-       List<TInputEvent> events = new LinkedList<TInputEvent>();
-       
-       while (quit == false) {
-           // Timeout is in milliseconds, so default timeout after 1 second
-           // of inactivity.
-           int timeout = getSleepTime(1000);
-
-           if (eventQueue.size() > 0) {
-               // Do not wait if there are definitely events waiting to be
-               // processed or a screen redraw to do.
-               timeout = 0;
-           }
-
-           // Pull any pending input events
-           backend.getEvents(events, timeout);
-           metaHandleEvents(events);
-           events.clear();
-
-           // Process timers and call doIdle()'s
-           doIdle();
-
-           // Update the screen
-           drawAll();
-       }
-
-       /*
-
-       // Shutdown the fibers
-       eventQueue.length = 0;
-       if (secondaryEventFiber !is null) {
-           assert(secondaryEventReceiver !is null);
-           secondaryEventReceiver = null;
-           if (secondaryEventFiber.state == Fiber.State.HOLD) {
-               // Wake up the secondary handler so that it can exit.
-               secondaryEventFiber.call();
-           }
-       }
-
-       if (primaryEventFiber.state == Fiber.State.HOLD) {
-           // Wake up the primary handler so that it can exit.
-           primaryEventFiber.call();
-       }
-        */
-
-       backend.shutdown();
+    private void drawAll() {
+        if (debugThreads) {
+            System.err.printf("drawAll() enter\n");
+        }
+
+        if (!repaint) {
+            if ((oldMouseX != mouseX) || (oldMouseY != mouseY)) {
+                // The only thing that has happened is the mouse moved.
+                // Clear the old position and draw the new position.
+                invertCell(oldMouseX, oldMouseY);
+                invertCell(mouseX, mouseY);
+                oldMouseX = mouseX;
+                oldMouseY = mouseY;
+            }
+            if (getScreen().isDirty()) {
+                backend.flushScreen();
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (debugThreads) {
+            System.err.printf("drawAll() REDRAW\n");
+        }
+
+        // If true, the cursor is not visible
+        boolean cursor = false;
+
+        // Start with a clean screen
+        getScreen().clear();
+
+        // Draw the background
+        CellAttributes background = theme.getColor("tapplication.background");
+        getScreen().putAll(GraphicsChars.HATCH, background);
+
+        // Draw each window in reverse Z order
+        List<TWindow> sorted = new LinkedList<TWindow>(windows);
+        Collections.sort(sorted);
+        Collections.reverse(sorted);
+        for (TWindow window: sorted) {
+            window.drawChildren();
+        }
+
+        // Draw the blank menubar line - reset the screen clipping first so
+        // it won't trim it out.
+        getScreen().resetClipping();
+        getScreen().hLineXY(0, 0, getScreen().getWidth(), ' ',
+            theme.getColor("tmenu"));
+        // Now draw the menus.
+        int x = 1;
+        for (TMenu menu: menus) {
+            CellAttributes menuColor;
+            CellAttributes menuMnemonicColor;
+            if (menu.isActive()) {
+                menuColor = theme.getColor("tmenu.highlighted");
+                menuMnemonicColor = theme.getColor("tmenu.mnemonic.highlighted");
+            } else {
+                menuColor = theme.getColor("tmenu");
+                menuMnemonicColor = theme.getColor("tmenu.mnemonic");
+            }
+            // Draw the menu title
+            getScreen().hLineXY(x, 0, menu.getTitle().length() + 2, ' ',
+                menuColor);
+            getScreen().putStringXY(x + 1, 0, menu.getTitle(), menuColor);
+            // Draw the highlight character
+            getScreen().putCharXY(x + 1 + menu.getMnemonic().getShortcutIdx(),
+                0, menu.getMnemonic().getShortcut(), menuMnemonicColor);
+
+            if (menu.isActive()) {
+                menu.drawChildren();
+                // Reset the screen clipping so we can draw the next title.
+                getScreen().resetClipping();
+            }
+            x += menu.getTitle().length() + 2;
+        }
+
+        for (TMenu menu: subMenus) {
+            // Reset the screen clipping so we can draw the next sub-menu.
+            getScreen().resetClipping();
+            menu.drawChildren();
+        }
+
+        // Draw the mouse pointer
+        invertCell(mouseX, mouseY);
+
+        // Place the cursor if it is visible
+        TWidget activeWidget = null;
+        if (sorted.size() > 0) {
+            activeWidget = sorted.get(sorted.size() - 1).getActiveChild();
+            if (activeWidget.isCursorVisible()) {
+                getScreen().putCursor(true, activeWidget.getCursorAbsoluteX(),
+                    activeWidget.getCursorAbsoluteY());
+                cursor = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Kill the cursor
+        if (!cursor) {
+            getScreen().hideCursor();
+        }
+
+        // Flush the screen contents
+        backend.flushScreen();
+
+        repaint = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run this application until it exits.
+     */
+    public void run() {
+        while (!quit) {
+            // Timeout is in milliseconds, so default timeout after 1 second
+            // of inactivity.
+            long timeout = 0;
+
+            // If I've got no updates to render, wait for something from the
+            // backend or a timer.
+            if (!repaint
+                && ((mouseX == oldMouseX) && (mouseY == oldMouseY))
+            ) {
+                // Never sleep longer than 50 millis.  We need time for
+                // windows with background tasks to update the display, and
+                // still flip buffers reasonably quickly in
+                // backend.flushPhysical().
+                timeout = getSleepTime(50);
+            }
+
+            if (timeout > 0) {
+                // As of now, I've got nothing to do: no I/O, nothing from
+                // the consumer threads, no timers that need to run ASAP.  So
+                // wait until either the backend or the consumer threads have
+                // something to do.
+                try {
+                    synchronized (this) {
+                        this.wait(timeout);
+                    }
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    // I'm awake and don't care why, let's see what's going
+                    // on out there.
+                }
+                repaint = true;
+            }
+
+            // Prevent stepping on the primary or secondary event handler.
+            stopEventHandlers();
+
+            // Pull any pending I/O events
+            backend.getEvents(fillEventQueue);
+
+            // Dispatch each event to the appropriate handler, one at a time.
+            for (;;) {
+                TInputEvent event = null;
+                if (fillEventQueue.size() == 0) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                event = fillEventQueue.remove(0);
+                metaHandleEvent(event);
+            }
+
+            // Wake a consumer thread if we have any pending events.
+            if (drainEventQueue.size() > 0) {
+                wakeEventHandler();
+            }
+
+            // Process timers and call doIdle()'s
+            doIdle();
+
+            // Update the screen
+            synchronized (getScreen()) {
+                drawAll();
+            }
+
+            // Let the event handlers run again.
+            startEventHandlers();
+
+        } // while (!quit)
+
+        // Shutdown the event consumer threads
+        if (secondaryEventHandler != null) {
+            synchronized (secondaryEventHandler) {
+                secondaryEventHandler.notify();
+            }
+        }
+        if (primaryEventHandler != null) {
+            synchronized (primaryEventHandler) {
+                primaryEventHandler.notify();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Shutdown the user I/O thread(s)
+        backend.shutdown();
+
+        // Close all the windows.  This gives them an opportunity to release
+        // resources.
+        closeAllWindows();
+
     }
 
     /**
      * Peek at certain application-level events, add to eventQueue, and wake
-     * up the consuming Fiber.
-     *
-     * @param events the input events to consume
-     */
-    private void metaHandleEvents(List<TInputEvent> events) {
-
-       for (TInputEvent event: events) {
-
-           /*
-           System.err.printf(String.format("metaHandleEvents event: %s\n",
-                   event)); System.err.flush();
-            */
-
-           if (quit == true) {
-               // Do no more processing if the application is already trying
-               // to exit.
-               return;
-           }
-
-           // DEBUG
-           if (event instanceof TKeypressEvent) {
-               TKeypressEvent keypress = (TKeypressEvent)event;
-               if (keypress.key.equals(kbAltX)) {
-                   quit = true;
-                   return;
-               }
-           }
-           // DEBUG
-
-           // Special application-wide events -------------------------------
-
-           // Abort everything
-           if (event instanceof TCommandEvent) {
-               TCommandEvent command = (TCommandEvent)event;
-               if (command.cmd.equals(cmAbort)) {
-                   quit = true;
-                   return;
-               }
-           }
-
-           // Screen resize
-           if (event instanceof TResizeEvent) {
-               TResizeEvent resize = (TResizeEvent)event;
-               backend.screen.setDimensions(resize.width, resize.height);
-               desktopBottom = backend.screen.getHeight() - 1;
-               repaint = true;
-               mouseX = 0;
-               mouseY = 0;
-               continue;
-           }
-
-           // Peek at the mouse position
-           if (event instanceof TMouseEvent) {
-               TMouseEvent mouse = (TMouseEvent)event;
-               if ((mouseX != mouse.x) || (mouseY != mouse.y)) {
-                   mouseX = mouse.x;
-                   mouseY = mouse.y;
-                   drawMouse();
-               }
-           }
-
-           /*
-
-           // Put into the main queue
-           addEvent(event);
-
-           // Have one of the two consumer Fibers peel the events off
-           // the queue.
-           if (secondaryEventFiber !is null) {
-               assert(secondaryEventFiber.state == Fiber.State.HOLD);
-
-               // Wake up the secondary handler for these events
-               secondaryEventFiber.call();
-           } else {
-               assert(primaryEventFiber.state == Fiber.State.HOLD);
-
-               // Wake up the primary handler for these events
-               primaryEventFiber.call();
-           }
-            */
-
-       } // for (TInputEvent event: events)
+     * up the consuming Thread.
+     *
+     * @param event the input event to consume
+     */
+    private void metaHandleEvent(final TInputEvent event) {
+
+        if (debugEvents) {
+            System.err.printf(String.format("metaHandleEvents event: %s\n",
+                    event)); System.err.flush();
+        }
+
+        if (quit) {
+            // Do no more processing if the application is already trying
+            // to exit.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Special application-wide events -------------------------------
+
+        // Abort everything
+        if (event instanceof TCommandEvent) {
+            TCommandEvent command = (TCommandEvent) event;
+            if (command.getCmd().equals(cmAbort)) {
+                quit = true;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Screen resize
+        if (event instanceof TResizeEvent) {
+            TResizeEvent resize = (TResizeEvent) event;
+            synchronized (getScreen()) {
+                getScreen().setDimensions(resize.getWidth(),
+                    resize.getHeight());
+                desktopBottom = getScreen().getHeight() - 1;
+                mouseX = 0;
+                mouseY = 0;
+                oldMouseX = 0;
+                oldMouseY = 0;
+            }
+            return;
+        }
 
+        // Peek at the mouse position
+        if (event instanceof TMouseEvent) {
+            TMouseEvent mouse = (TMouseEvent) event;
+            synchronized (getScreen()) {
+                if ((mouseX != mouse.getX()) || (mouseY != mouse.getY())) {
+                    oldMouseX = mouseX;
+                    oldMouseY = mouseY;
+                    mouseX = mouse.getX();
+                    mouseY = mouse.getY();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Put into the main queue
+        drainEventQueue.add(event);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dispatch one event to the appropriate widget or application-level
+     * event handler.  This is the primary event handler, it has the normal
+     * application-wide event handling.
+     *
+     * @param event the input event to consume
+     * @see #secondaryHandleEvent(TInputEvent event)
+     */
+    private void primaryHandleEvent(final TInputEvent event) {
+
+        if (debugEvents) {
+            System.err.printf("Handle event: %s\n", event);
+        }
+
+        // Special application-wide events -----------------------------------
+
+        // Peek at the mouse position
+        if (event instanceof TMouseEvent) {
+            // See if we need to switch focus to another window or the menu
+            checkSwitchFocus((TMouseEvent) event);
+        }
+
+        // Handle menu events
+        if ((activeMenu != null) && !(event instanceof TCommandEvent)) {
+            TMenu menu = activeMenu;
+
+            if (event instanceof TMouseEvent) {
+                TMouseEvent mouse = (TMouseEvent) event;
+
+                while (subMenus.size() > 0) {
+                    TMenu subMenu = subMenus.get(subMenus.size() - 1);
+                    if (subMenu.mouseWouldHit(mouse)) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    if ((mouse.getType() == TMouseEvent.Type.MOUSE_MOTION)
+                        && (!mouse.isMouse1())
+                        && (!mouse.isMouse2())
+                        && (!mouse.isMouse3())
+                        && (!mouse.isMouseWheelUp())
+                        && (!mouse.isMouseWheelDown())
+                    ) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    // We navigated away from a sub-menu, so close it
+                    closeSubMenu();
+                }
+
+                // Convert the mouse relative x/y to menu coordinates
+                assert (mouse.getX() == mouse.getAbsoluteX());
+                assert (mouse.getY() == mouse.getAbsoluteY());
+                if (subMenus.size() > 0) {
+                    menu = subMenus.get(subMenus.size() - 1);
+                }
+                mouse.setX(mouse.getX() - menu.getX());
+                mouse.setY(mouse.getY() - menu.getY());
+            }
+            menu.handleEvent(event);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (event instanceof TKeypressEvent) {
+            TKeypressEvent keypress = (TKeypressEvent) event;
+
+            // See if this key matches an accelerator, and if so dispatch the
+            // menu event.
+            TKeypress keypressLowercase = keypress.getKey().toLowerCase();
+            TMenuItem item = null;
+            synchronized (accelerators) {
+                item = accelerators.get(keypressLowercase);
+            }
+            if (item != null) {
+                if (item.isEnabled()) {
+                    // Let the menu item dispatch
+                    item.dispatch();
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            // Handle the keypress
+            if (onKeypress(keypress)) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (event instanceof TCommandEvent) {
+            if (onCommand((TCommandEvent) event)) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (event instanceof TMenuEvent) {
+            if (onMenu((TMenuEvent) event)) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Dispatch events to the active window -------------------------------
+        for (TWindow window: windows) {
+            if (window.isActive()) {
+                if (event instanceof TMouseEvent) {
+                    TMouseEvent mouse = (TMouseEvent) event;
+                    // Convert the mouse relative x/y to window coordinates
+                    assert (mouse.getX() == mouse.getAbsoluteX());
+                    assert (mouse.getY() == mouse.getAbsoluteY());
+                    mouse.setX(mouse.getX() - window.getX());
+                    mouse.setY(mouse.getY() - window.getY());
+                }
+                if (debugEvents) {
+                    System.err.printf("TApplication dispatch event: %s\n",
+                        event);
+                }
+                window.handleEvent(event);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Dispatch one event to the appropriate widget or application-level
+     * event handler.  This is the secondary event handler used by certain
+     * special dialogs (currently TMessageBox and TFileOpenBox).
+     *
+     * @param event the input event to consume
+     * @see #primaryHandleEvent(TInputEvent event)
+     */
+    private void secondaryHandleEvent(final TInputEvent event) {
+        secondaryEventReceiver.handleEvent(event);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enable a widget to override the primary event thread.
+     *
+     * @param widget widget that will receive events
+     */
+    public final void enableSecondaryEventReceiver(final TWidget widget) {
+        assert (secondaryEventReceiver == null);
+        assert (secondaryEventHandler == null);
+        assert ((widget instanceof TMessageBox)
+            || (widget instanceof TFileOpenBox));
+        secondaryEventReceiver = widget;
+        secondaryEventHandler = new WidgetEventHandler(this, false);
+        (new Thread(secondaryEventHandler)).start();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Yield to the secondary thread.
+     */
+    public final void yield() {
+        assert (secondaryEventReceiver != null);
+        // This is where we handoff the event handler lock from the primary
+        // to secondary thread.  We unlock here, and in a future loop the
+        // secondary thread locks again.  When it gives up, we have the
+        // single lock back.
+        boolean oldLock = unlockHandleEvent();
+        assert (oldLock);
+
+        while (secondaryEventReceiver != null) {
+            synchronized (primaryEventHandler) {
+                try {
+                    primaryEventHandler.wait();
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    // SQUASH
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     /**
      * Do stuff when there is no user input.
      */
     private void doIdle() {
-       /*
-       // Now run any timers that have timed out
-       auto now = Clock.currTime;
-       TTimer [] keepTimers;
-       foreach (t; timers) {
-           if (t.nextTick < now) {
-               t.tick();
-               if (t.recurring == true) {
-                   keepTimers ~= t;
-               }
-           } else {
-               keepTimers ~= t;
-           }
-       }
-       timers = keepTimers;
-
-       // Call onIdle's
-       foreach (w; windows) {
-           w.onIdle();
-       }
-        */
+        if (debugThreads) {
+            System.err.printf("doIdle()\n");
+        }
+
+        // Now run any timers that have timed out
+        Date now = new Date();
+        List<TTimer> keepTimers = new LinkedList<TTimer>();
+        for (TTimer timer: timers) {
+            if (timer.getNextTick().getTime() <= now.getTime()) {
+                timer.tick();
+                if (timer.recurring) {
+                    keepTimers.add(timer);
+                }
+            } else {
+                keepTimers.add(timer);
+            }
+        }
+        timers = keepTimers;
+
+        // Call onIdle's
+        for (TWindow window: windows) {
+            window.onIdle();
+        }
     }
 
     /**
      * Get the amount of time I can sleep before missing a Timer tick.
      *
-     * @param timeout = initial (maximum) timeout
+     * @param timeout = initial (maximum) timeout in millis
      * @return number of milliseconds between now and the next timer event
      */
-    protected int getSleepTime(int timeout) {
-       /*
-       auto now = Clock.currTime;
-       auto sleepTime = dur!("msecs")(timeout);
-       foreach (t; timers) {
-           if (t.nextTick < now) {
-               return 0;
-           }
-           if ((t.nextTick > now) &&
-               ((t.nextTick - now) < sleepTime)
-           ) {
-               sleepTime = t.nextTick - now;
-           }
-       }
-       assert(sleepTime.total!("msecs")() >= 0);
-       return cast(uint)sleepTime.total!("msecs")();
-        */
-       // TODO: fix timers.  Until then, come back after 250 millis.
-       return 250;
+    private long getSleepTime(final long timeout) {
+        Date now = new Date();
+        long nowTime = now.getTime();
+        long sleepTime = timeout;
+        for (TTimer timer: timers) {
+            long nextTickTime = timer.getNextTick().getTime();
+            if (nextTickTime < nowTime) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            long timeDifference = nextTickTime - nowTime;
+            if (timeDifference < sleepTime) {
+                sleepTime = timeDifference;
+            }
+        }
+        assert (sleepTime >= 0);
+        assert (sleepTime <= timeout);
+        return sleepTime;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close window.  Note that the window's destructor is NOT called by this
+     * method, instead the GC is assumed to do the cleanup.
+     *
+     * @param window the window to remove
+     */
+    public final void closeWindow(final TWindow window) {
+        synchronized (windows) {
+            int z = window.getZ();
+            window.setZ(-1);
+            window.onUnfocus();
+            Collections.sort(windows);
+            windows.remove(0);
+            TWindow activeWindow = null;
+            for (TWindow w: windows) {
+                if (w.getZ() > z) {
+                    w.setZ(w.getZ() - 1);
+                    if (w.getZ() == 0) {
+                        w.setActive(true);
+                        w.onFocus();
+                        assert (activeWindow == null);
+                        activeWindow = w;
+                    } else {
+                        if (w.isActive()) {
+                            w.setActive(false);
+                            w.onUnfocus();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Perform window cleanup
+        window.onClose();
+
+        // Check if we are closing a TMessageBox or similar
+        if (secondaryEventReceiver != null) {
+            assert (secondaryEventHandler != null);
+
+            // Do not send events to the secondaryEventReceiver anymore, the
+            // window is closed.
+            secondaryEventReceiver = null;
+
+            // Wake the secondary thread, it will wake the primary as it
+            // exits.
+            synchronized (secondaryEventHandler) {
+                secondaryEventHandler.notify();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Switch to the next window.
+     *
+     * @param forward if true, then switch to the next window in the list,
+     * otherwise switch to the previous window in the list
+     */
+    public final void switchWindow(final boolean forward) {
+        // Only switch if there are multiple windows
+        if (windows.size() < 2) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        synchronized (windows) {
+
+            // Swap z/active between active window and the next in the list
+            int activeWindowI = -1;
+            for (int i = 0; i < windows.size(); i++) {
+                if (windows.get(i).isActive()) {
+                    activeWindowI = i;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            assert (activeWindowI >= 0);
+
+            // Do not switch if a window is modal
+            if (windows.get(activeWindowI).isModal()) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            int nextWindowI;
+            if (forward) {
+                nextWindowI = (activeWindowI + 1) % windows.size();
+            } else {
+                if (activeWindowI == 0) {
+                    nextWindowI = windows.size() - 1;
+                } else {
+                    nextWindowI = activeWindowI - 1;
+                }
+            }
+            windows.get(activeWindowI).setActive(false);
+            windows.get(activeWindowI).setZ(windows.get(nextWindowI).getZ());
+            windows.get(activeWindowI).onUnfocus();
+            windows.get(nextWindowI).setZ(0);
+            windows.get(nextWindowI).setActive(true);
+            windows.get(nextWindowI).onFocus();
+
+        } // synchronized (windows)
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a window to my window list and make it active.
+     *
+     * @param window new window to add
+     */
+    public final void addWindow(final TWindow window) {
+        synchronized (windows) {
+            // Do not allow a modal window to spawn a non-modal window
+            if ((windows.size() > 0) && (windows.get(0).isModal())) {
+                assert (window.isModal());
+            }
+            for (TWindow w: windows) {
+                if (w.isActive()) {
+                    w.setActive(false);
+                    w.onUnfocus();
+                }
+                w.setZ(w.getZ() + 1);
+            }
+            windows.add(window);
+            window.setZ(0);
+            window.setActive(true);
+            window.onFocus();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if there is a system-modal window on top.
+     *
+     * @return true if the active window is modal
+     */
+    private boolean modalWindowActive() {
+        if (windows.size() == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return windows.get(windows.size() - 1).isModal();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if a mouse event would hit either the active menu or any open
+     * sub-menus.
+     *
+     * @param mouse mouse event
+     * @return true if the mouse would hit the active menu or an open
+     * sub-menu
+     */
+    private boolean mouseOnMenu(final TMouseEvent mouse) {
+        assert (activeMenu != null);
+        List<TMenu> menus = new LinkedList<TMenu>(subMenus);
+        Collections.reverse(menus);
+        for (TMenu menu: menus) {
+            if (menu.mouseWouldHit(mouse)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return activeMenu.mouseWouldHit(mouse);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * See if we need to switch window or activate the menu based on
+     * a mouse click.
+     *
+     * @param mouse mouse event
+     */
+    private void checkSwitchFocus(final TMouseEvent mouse) {
+
+        if ((mouse.getType() == TMouseEvent.Type.MOUSE_DOWN)
+            && (activeMenu != null)
+            && (mouse.getAbsoluteY() != 0)
+            && (!mouseOnMenu(mouse))
+        ) {
+            // They clicked outside the active menu, turn it off
+            activeMenu.setActive(false);
+            activeMenu = null;
+            for (TMenu menu: subMenus) {
+                menu.setActive(false);
+            }
+            subMenus.clear();
+            // Continue checks
+        }
+
+        // See if they hit the menu bar
+        if ((mouse.getType() == TMouseEvent.Type.MOUSE_DOWN)
+            && (mouse.isMouse1())
+            && (!modalWindowActive())
+            && (mouse.getAbsoluteY() == 0)
+        ) {
+
+            for (TMenu menu: subMenus) {
+                menu.setActive(false);
+            }
+            subMenus.clear();
+
+            // They selected the menu, go activate it
+            for (TMenu menu: menus) {
+                if ((mouse.getAbsoluteX() >= menu.getX())
+                    && (mouse.getAbsoluteX() < menu.getX()
+                        + menu.getTitle().length() + 2)
+                ) {
+                    menu.setActive(true);
+                    activeMenu = menu;
+                } else {
+                    menu.setActive(false);
+                }
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // See if they hit the menu bar
+        if ((mouse.getType() == TMouseEvent.Type.MOUSE_MOTION)
+            && (mouse.isMouse1())
+            && (activeMenu != null)
+            && (mouse.getAbsoluteY() == 0)
+        ) {
+
+            TMenu oldMenu = activeMenu;
+            for (TMenu menu: subMenus) {
+                menu.setActive(false);
+            }
+            subMenus.clear();
+
+            // See if we should switch menus
+            for (TMenu menu: menus) {
+                if ((mouse.getAbsoluteX() >= menu.getX())
+                    && (mouse.getAbsoluteX() < menu.getX()
+                        + menu.getTitle().length() + 2)
+                ) {
+                    menu.setActive(true);
+                    activeMenu = menu;
+                }
+            }
+            if (oldMenu != activeMenu) {
+                // They switched menus
+                oldMenu.setActive(false);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Only switch if there are multiple windows
+        if (windows.size() < 2) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Switch on the upclick
+        if (mouse.getType() != TMouseEvent.Type.MOUSE_UP) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        synchronized (windows) {
+            Collections.sort(windows);
+            if (windows.get(0).isModal()) {
+                // Modal windows don't switch
+                return;
+            }
+
+            for (TWindow window: windows) {
+                assert (!window.isModal());
+                if (window.mouseWouldHit(mouse)) {
+                    if (window == windows.get(0)) {
+                        // Clicked on the same window, nothing to do
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    // We will be switching to another window
+                    assert (windows.get(0).isActive());
+                    assert (!window.isActive());
+                    windows.get(0).onUnfocus();
+                    windows.get(0).setActive(false);
+                    windows.get(0).setZ(window.getZ());
+                    window.setZ(0);
+                    window.setActive(true);
+                    window.onFocus();
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Clicked on the background, nothing to do
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Turn off the menu.
+     */
+    public final void closeMenu() {
+        if (activeMenu != null) {
+            activeMenu.setActive(false);
+            activeMenu = null;
+            for (TMenu menu: subMenus) {
+                menu.setActive(false);
+            }
+            subMenus.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Turn off a sub-menu.
+     */
+    public final void closeSubMenu() {
+        assert (activeMenu != null);
+        TMenu item = subMenus.get(subMenus.size() - 1);
+        assert (item != null);
+        item.setActive(false);
+        subMenus.remove(subMenus.size() - 1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Switch to the next menu.
+     *
+     * @param forward if true, then switch to the next menu in the list,
+     * otherwise switch to the previous menu in the list
+     */
+    public final void switchMenu(final boolean forward) {
+        assert (activeMenu != null);
+
+        for (TMenu menu: subMenus) {
+            menu.setActive(false);
+        }
+        subMenus.clear();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < menus.size(); i++) {
+            if (activeMenu == menus.get(i)) {
+                if (forward) {
+                    if (i < menus.size() - 1) {
+                        i++;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (i > 0) {
+                        i--;
+                    }
+                }
+                activeMenu.setActive(false);
+                activeMenu = menus.get(i);
+                activeMenu.setActive(true);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method that TApplication subclasses can override to handle menu or
+     * posted command events.
+     *
+     * @param command command event
+     * @return if true, this event was consumed
+     */
+    protected boolean onCommand(final TCommandEvent command) {
+        // Default: handle cmExit
+        if (command.equals(cmExit)) {
+            if (messageBox("Confirmation", "Exit application?",
+                    TMessageBox.Type.YESNO).getResult() == TMessageBox.Result.YES) {
+                quit = true;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (command.equals(cmShell)) {
+            openTerminal(0, 0, TWindow.RESIZABLE);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (command.equals(cmTile)) {
+            tileWindows();
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (command.equals(cmCascade)) {
+            cascadeWindows();
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (command.equals(cmCloseAll)) {
+            closeAllWindows();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method that TApplication subclasses can override to handle menu
+     * events.
+     *
+     * @param menu menu event
+     * @return if true, this event was consumed
+     */
+    protected boolean onMenu(final TMenuEvent menu) {
+
+        // Default: handle MID_EXIT
+        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_EXIT) {
+            if (messageBox("Confirmation", "Exit application?",
+                    TMessageBox.Type.YESNO).getResult() == TMessageBox.Result.YES) {
+                quit = true;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_SHELL) {
+            openTerminal(0, 0, TWindow.RESIZABLE);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_TILE) {
+            tileWindows();
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_CASCADE) {
+            cascadeWindows();
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (menu.getId() == TMenu.MID_CLOSE_ALL) {
+            closeAllWindows();
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method that TApplication subclasses can override to handle keystrokes.
+     *
+     * @param keypress keystroke event
+     * @return if true, this event was consumed
+     */
+    protected boolean onKeypress(final TKeypressEvent keypress) {
+        // Default: only menu shortcuts
+
+        // Process Alt-F, Alt-E, etc. menu shortcut keys
+        if (!keypress.getKey().isFnKey()
+            && keypress.getKey().isAlt()
+            && !keypress.getKey().isCtrl()
+            && (activeMenu == null)
+        ) {
+
+            assert (subMenus.size() == 0);
+
+            for (TMenu menu: menus) {
+                if (Character.toLowerCase(menu.getMnemonic().getShortcut())
+                    == Character.toLowerCase(keypress.getKey().getChar())
+                ) {
+                    activeMenu = menu;
+                    menu.setActive(true);
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a menu item to the global list.  If it has a keyboard accelerator,
+     * that will be added the global hash.
+     *
+     * @param item the menu item
+     */
+    public final void addMenuItem(final TMenuItem item) {
+        menuItems.add(item);
+
+        TKeypress key = item.getKey();
+        if (key != null) {
+            synchronized (accelerators) {
+                assert (accelerators.get(key) == null);
+                accelerators.put(key.toLowerCase(), item);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disable one menu item.
+     *
+     * @param id the menu item ID
+     */
+    public final void disableMenuItem(final int id) {
+        for (TMenuItem item: menuItems) {
+            if (item.getId() == id) {
+                item.setEnabled(false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disable the range of menu items with ID's between lower and upper,
+     * inclusive.
+     *
+     * @param lower the lowest menu item ID
+     * @param upper the highest menu item ID
+     */
+    public final void disableMenuItems(final int lower, final int upper) {
+        for (TMenuItem item: menuItems) {
+            if ((item.getId() >= lower) && (item.getId() <= upper)) {
+                item.setEnabled(false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enable one menu item.
+     *
+     * @param id the menu item ID
+     */
+    public final void enableMenuItem(final int id) {
+        for (TMenuItem item: menuItems) {
+            if (item.getId() == id) {
+                item.setEnabled(true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enable the range of menu items with ID's between lower and upper,
+     * inclusive.
+     *
+     * @param lower the lowest menu item ID
+     * @param upper the highest menu item ID
+     */
+    public final void enableMenuItems(final int lower, final int upper) {
+        for (TMenuItem item: menuItems) {
+            if ((item.getId() >= lower) && (item.getId() <= upper)) {
+                item.setEnabled(true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Recompute menu x positions based on their title length.
+     */
+    public final void recomputeMenuX() {
+        int x = 0;
+        for (TMenu menu: menus) {
+            menu.setX(x);
+            x += menu.getTitle().length() + 2;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Post an event to process and turn off the menu.
+     *
+     * @param event new event to add to the queue
+     */
+    public final void addMenuEvent(final TInputEvent event) {
+        synchronized (fillEventQueue) {
+            fillEventQueue.add(event);
+        }
+        closeMenu();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a sub-menu to the list of open sub-menus.
+     *
+     * @param menu sub-menu
+     */
+    public final void addSubMenu(final TMenu menu) {
+        subMenus.add(menu);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to add a top-level menu.
+     *
+     * @param title menu title
+     * @return the new menu
+     */
+    public final TMenu addMenu(final String title) {
+        int x = 0;
+        int y = 0;
+        TMenu menu = new TMenu(this, x, y, title);
+        menus.add(menu);
+        recomputeMenuX();
+        return menu;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to add a default "File" menu.
+     *
+     * @return the new menu
+     */
+    public final TMenu addFileMenu() {
+        TMenu fileMenu = addMenu("&File");
+        fileMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_OPEN_FILE);
+        fileMenu.addSeparator();
+        fileMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_SHELL);
+        fileMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_EXIT);
+        return fileMenu;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to add a default "Edit" menu.
+     *
+     * @return the new menu
+     */
+    public final TMenu addEditMenu() {
+        TMenu editMenu = addMenu("&Edit");
+        editMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_CUT);
+        editMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_COPY);
+        editMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_PASTE);
+        editMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_CLEAR);
+        return editMenu;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to add a default "Window" menu.
+     *
+     * @return the new menu
+     */
+    public final TMenu addWindowMenu() {
+        TMenu windowMenu = addMenu("&Window");
+        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_TILE);
+        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_CASCADE);
+        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_CLOSE_ALL);
+        windowMenu.addSeparator();
+        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_WINDOW_MOVE);
+        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_WINDOW_ZOOM);
+        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_WINDOW_NEXT);
+        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_WINDOW_PREVIOUS);
+        windowMenu.addDefaultItem(TMenu.MID_WINDOW_CLOSE);
+        return windowMenu;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close all open windows.
+     */
+    private void closeAllWindows() {
+        // Don't do anything if we are in the menu
+        if (activeMenu != null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        synchronized (windows) {
+            for (TWindow window: windows) {
+                closeWindow(window);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Re-layout the open windows as non-overlapping tiles.  This produces
+     * almost the same results as Turbo Pascal 7.0's IDE.
+     */
+    private void tileWindows() {
+        synchronized (windows) {
+            // Don't do anything if we are in the menu
+            if (activeMenu != null) {
+                return;
+            }
+            int z = windows.size();
+            if (z == 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+            int a = 0;
+            int b = 0;
+            a = (int)(Math.sqrt(z));
+            int c = 0;
+            while (c < a) {
+                b = (z - c) / a;
+                if (((a * b) + c) == z) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                c++;
+            }
+            assert (a > 0);
+            assert (b > 0);
+            assert (c < a);
+            int newWidth = (getScreen().getWidth() / a);
+            int newHeight1 = ((getScreen().getHeight() - 1) / b);
+            int newHeight2 = ((getScreen().getHeight() - 1) / (b + c));
+
+            List<TWindow> sorted = new LinkedList<TWindow>(windows);
+            Collections.sort(sorted);
+            Collections.reverse(sorted);
+            for (int i = 0; i < sorted.size(); i++) {
+                int logicalX = i / b;
+                int logicalY = i % b;
+                if (i >= ((a - 1) * b)) {
+                    logicalX = a - 1;
+                    logicalY = i - ((a - 1) * b);
+                }
+
+                TWindow w = sorted.get(i);
+                w.setX(logicalX * newWidth);
+                w.setWidth(newWidth);
+                if (i >= ((a - 1) * b)) {
+                    w.setY((logicalY * newHeight2) + 1);
+                    w.setHeight(newHeight2);
+                } else {
+                    w.setY((logicalY * newHeight1) + 1);
+                    w.setHeight(newHeight1);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Re-layout the open windows as overlapping cascaded windows.
+     */
+    private void cascadeWindows() {
+        synchronized (windows) {
+            // Don't do anything if we are in the menu
+            if (activeMenu != null) {
+                return;
+            }
+            int x = 0;
+            int y = 1;
+            List<TWindow> sorted = new LinkedList<TWindow>(windows);
+            Collections.sort(sorted);
+            Collections.reverse(sorted);
+            for (TWindow window: sorted) {
+                window.setX(x);
+                window.setY(y);
+                x++;
+                y++;
+                if (x > getScreen().getWidth()) {
+                    x = 0;
+                }
+                if (y >= getScreen().getHeight()) {
+                    y = 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to add a timer.
+     *
+     * @param duration number of milliseconds to wait between ticks
+     * @param recurring if true, re-schedule this timer after every tick
+     * @param action function to call when button is pressed
+     * @return the timer
+     */
+    public final TTimer addTimer(final long duration, final boolean recurring,
+        final TAction action) {
+
+        TTimer timer = new TTimer(duration, recurring, action);
+        synchronized (timers) {
+            timers.add(timer);
+        }
+        return timer;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to remove a timer.
+     *
+     * @param timer timer to remove
+     */
+    public final void removeTimer(final TTimer timer) {
+        synchronized (timers) {
+            timers.remove(timer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to spawn a message box.
+     *
+     * @param title window title, will be centered along the top border
+     * @param caption message to display.  Use embedded newlines to get a
+     * multi-line box.
+     * @return the new message box
+     */
+    public final TMessageBox messageBox(final String title,
+        final String caption) {
+
+        return new TMessageBox(this, title, caption, TMessageBox.Type.OK);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to spawn a message box.
+     *
+     * @param title window title, will be centered along the top border
+     * @param caption message to display.  Use embedded newlines to get a
+     * multi-line box.
+     * @param type one of the TMessageBox.Type constants.  Default is
+     * Type.OK.
+     * @return the new message box
+     */
+    public final TMessageBox messageBox(final String title,
+        final String caption, final TMessageBox.Type type) {
+
+        return new TMessageBox(this, title, caption, type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to spawn an input box.
+     *
+     * @param title window title, will be centered along the top border
+     * @param caption message to display.  Use embedded newlines to get a
+     * multi-line box.
+     * @return the new input box
+     */
+    public final TInputBox inputBox(final String title, final String caption) {
+
+        return new TInputBox(this, title, caption);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to spawn an input box.
+     *
+     * @param title window title, will be centered along the top border
+     * @param caption message to display.  Use embedded newlines to get a
+     * multi-line box.
+     * @param text initial text to seed the field with
+     * @return the new input box
+     */
+    public final TInputBox inputBox(final String title, final String caption,
+        final String text) {
+
+        return new TInputBox(this, title, caption, text);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to open a terminal window.
+     *
+     * @param x column relative to parent
+     * @param y row relative to parent
+     * @return the terminal new window
+     */
+    public final TTerminalWindow openTerminal(final int x, final int y) {
+        return openTerminal(x, y, TWindow.RESIZABLE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to open a terminal window.
+     *
+     * @param x column relative to parent
+     * @param y row relative to parent
+     * @param flags mask of CENTERED, MODAL, or RESIZABLE
+     * @return the terminal new window
+     */
+    public final TTerminalWindow openTerminal(final int x, final int y,
+        final int flags) {
+
+        return new TTerminalWindow(this, x, y, flags);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to spawn an file open box.
+     *
+     * @param path path of selected file
+     * @return the result of the new file open box
+     * @throws IOException if java.io operation throws
+     */
+    public final String fileOpenBox(final String path) throws IOException {
+
+        TFileOpenBox box = new TFileOpenBox(this, path, TFileOpenBox.Type.OPEN);
+        return box.getFilename();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to spawn an file open box.
+     *
+     * @param path path of selected file
+     * @param type one of the Type constants
+     * @return the result of the new file open box
+     * @throws IOException if java.io operation throws
+     */
+    public final String fileOpenBox(final String path,
+        final TFileOpenBox.Type type) throws IOException {
+
+        TFileOpenBox box = new TFileOpenBox(this, path, type);
+        return box.getFilename();
     }
 
 }